CJC 201 Social Disorganization Theory- Ch 8

The Chicago school

UChicago early 1900’s modern birth of criminology

Rapid socioecological change

More industrialization, urbanization, immigration

Crime is a product of

An area’s social ecology

What are some factors of an area’s social ecology

Economic disadvantage, community cohesion, social stability

Concentric zones theory founder(s)

Park and burgess

What is concentric zones theory fundamentally

Urban development is socially patterned, not random

What is meant by “socially patterned”

Grow around commercial, political, cultural areas

what’s a problem with social patterns

Rapid expansion + more immigration is a problem

Macro-level of concentric zones theory

Social conditions foster social problems

What is social condition?

More social disorganization and less social organization

What are some example problems of social conditions

Disease, disorder, conflict, crime

What does the macro level of concentric zones theory concern

Neighborhood and community level

What are the conceptual components of concentric zones theory

Central business district, zone in transition, working class, residential, commuter

What are components of zone in transition

Recent immigrant groups, slum housing, factories, abandoned buildings

What is a working class zone

Multi-family tenements

What is a residential zone

Single family homes (yards, garages)

What is a commuter zone

Wealthy suburbs

What are some factors associated with recent immigrant groups

More poor, language/cultural issues, discrimination, fear

What is mapping delinquency

Mapping incidents and residences

What is one purpose of mapping delinquency

To see where rates are high or stable

Shaw and McKay are the founders of what?

Social disorganization theory

What are the characteristics of areas with high social disorganization

Resident instability, high immigrant populations, poverty

what is an issue associated with high immigrant population/population heterogeneity

Community isolation and lack of communication

How do social disorganization rates affect delinquency

High and low disorganization can lead to higher delinquency

How does high social disorganization lead to higher rates of delinquency

Leads to community unable to prevent social problems

What are some social control institutions

Family, school, church, business

Social disorganization combined with WHAT leads to higher delinquency?

Low Informal social control

What has occurred through the Chicago school

Rise and fall of social ecology theories

What happened as social ecology theories began to decline

Rise of micro-level theories

What are some micro-level theories that occurred after the fall of social ecology theories

Differential association, control

Notable figure(s) for differential association

Sutherland

Notable figure(s) for control

Reiss, reckless, Sykes, matza, nye

Post ww2 policy consequences

White flight, concentrated minority communities

what is the white flight

The idea that white people were fleeing and leaving minorities behind

What are some things that happen because of white flight

GI bill, low mortgage, manufacturing relocation, more roads, more schools

What happened through concentrated minority communities

More public housing for poor (Pruitt-Igoe, Robert taylor homes)

What’s redlining

Denying services like mortgages to residents of specific neighborhood (racially motivated)

What are some contemporary approaches

Collective efficacy

Collective efficacy founder(s)

Sampson

What is collective efficacy

Perceived ability of residents to activate informal social control

What are the conceptual components of collective efficacy

Social cohesion, mutual support/willing to intervene, shared expectations

What effects collective efficacy

Concentrated disadvantage and social disorganization

What is concentrated disadvantage

Wilson and Sampson. Residential segregation and social isolation

What is social disorganization

Shaw and McKay, Sampson and Groves. Poverty, instability, heterogeneity

What do the effects of collective efficacy lead to

Intervening which leads to crime

Project on human development in Chicago neighborhoods

Robert Sampson

Joblessness and poor neighborhoods

William Wilson

Post WWII America saw a widening gap between who?

White and black, wealth and poverty

Pruitt-Igoe housing project

1952 built 20 years later demolished

Code of the street

Anderson. Higher crime in inner city/minority communities