New Right

Marsland

• culture of dependency

• state too generous with benefits

CA to Marsland - Hall et al

• disagrees w/ Marsland in that negative labelling of marginalised groups only perpetuates their involvement in cycle of dependency

Dennis & Erdos

• loss of civility

• focus on decline of informal social control

• more liberated/leftist society increases crime and deviance rate

CA to Dennis & Erdos - Lyotard

• postmodernist

• disagrees that liberated society promotes crime- instead provides secure environment to discuss previously stigmatised issues eg homosexuality

Murray

• underclass

• responsible for high crime rates as have different values, reject mainstream norms, poor socialisation

CA to Murray - Tham

• studied British and Swedish prisons in 80s

• eg crime rates increased faster in Britain than Sweden

• argues against Murray that welfare benefits are too generous, instead that crime rate is due to inequality

Murray and Hernnstein

• ‘The Bell Curve’

• low IQ- more likely to be unemployed, in poverty, welfare dependent

• explains high crime rates for members of lower classes

CA to Murray and Hernnstein - Bourdieu

• neo marxist

• cultural capital

• argue that IQ tests unable to measure level of cultural capital- use of intelligence testing to establish correlation with crime lacks regard for cultural distortions gained through cultural capital