CH. 22.1 Organic Compounds

All organic compounds contain ___ atoms.

Carbon

T or F However, not all carbon-containing compounds are classified as organic

True

We can define ___ ___ as covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

organic compounds

A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides

Organic compounds

T or F The uniqueness of carbon bonding results in many organic compounds

True

T or F The diversity of organic compounds results from the uniqueness of carbon's structure and bonding

True

___ electronic structure allows it to bind to itself to form chains and rings, to bind covalently to other elements, and to bind to itself and other elements in different arrangements

Carbon's

___ atoms are unique in their ability to form long chains and rings of covalently bonded atoms

Carbon

This type of bonding is known as___, the covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings.

catenation

The binding of an element to itself to form chains or rings

Catenation

T or F In addition, carbon atoms in these structures can be linked by single, double, or triple covalent bonds

True

Besides being able to bind to each other, carbon atoms bind readily to elements with similar ___.

electronegativities

___ are composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest organic compounds

Hydrocarbons

An organic compound composed only of carbon and hydrogen

hydrocarbon

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called ___

isomers

___ formulas show the numbers, types, and arrangement of the atoms in a molecule

Structural

Organic chemists use___ ___ to represent organic compounds. This is necessary in order to show the difference between isomers of a compound

structural formulas

A ___ ___ indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms.

structural formula

___ ___ are sometimes condensed so they are easier to read.

Structural formulas

T or F Remember that the structural formula does not accurately show the three-dimensional shape of the molecule. Three-dimensional shape is depicted with drawings or models, as shown for ethanol in

True

Isomers can be ___ or ___

Structural

Geometric

___ ___, also called "constitutional isomers," are isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders

Structural isomers

T or F Structural isomers can have different properties. For example, butane and 2-methylpropane have different melting points, boiling points, and densities, as shown in Figure 22.1.5"

True

___ ___ are isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different

Geometric isomers

A compound that exists in two or more geometrically different configurations

Geometric isomers

The geometric isomer with the two chlorine atoms on the same side of the molecule is called ___

cis

The isomer with the chlorine atoms on opposite sides of the molecule is called___.

trans

T or F The difference in properties between two geometric isomers can be very small or very large, depending on the type of bonding in them.

True

Sometimes, the arrangement of the atoms in the ___ formation enables the molecules to pack together more easily, and so increases the melting point of the isomer.

Trans

Carbon shows a very strong tendency to form

covalent bonds

Carbon atoms readily join with atoms of

Both other elements and carbon

Which formula shows the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule but not the bonds

molecular formula

In which of the following are atoms bonded in the same order but arranged differently in space

geometric isomers

How many structural isomers does C5h12 have

three