substances in blood plasma (cardiovascular sys)

water

-91.5%
-liquid portion of blood
-solvent and suspending medium, absorbs, transports, and releases heat

blood plasma proteins

- most produced by liver.
-responsible for colloid osmotic pressure. major contributors to blood viscosity. transport hormones (steroid), fatty acids, and calcium. help regenerate blood pH
- albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

Albumins (blood plasma proteins)

-smallest and most numerous plasma proteins
-help maintain osmotic pressure, and important factor in the exchange of fluid across blood capillary walls

globulins (blood plasma proteins)

-large proteins
-immunoglobulins help attack viruses and bacteria. alpha and beta globulins transport iron, lipids and fat soluble vitamins.

Fibrinogen (blood plasma proteins)

-large protein
-plays essential role in blood clotting

what are the other solutes (1.5%):

-electrolytes
-nutrients
-gases (Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen)
- Regulatory substances (enzymes, hormones, vitamins)
-waste products

Electrolytes (other solutes)

-inorganic salts, w cation and anions (positively and negatively charged)
-help maintain osmotic pressure and play essential roles in cell functions /help protect

nutrients (other solutes)

-products of digestion, such as amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins and minerals
- essential roles in cell functions, growth and development

oxygen ((other solutes)

-O2
-important in many cellular functions

Carbon dioxide (other solutes)

involved in the regulation of blood pH

Nitrogen (other solutes)

N2 - no know function

Enzymes (regulatory substances)

catalyze chemical reactions

hormones (regulatory substances)

regulate metabolism, growth and development

vitamins (regulatory substances)

cofactors for enzymatic reactions

waste products

-Urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, ammonia
-most are breakdown products of protein metabolism that are carried by the blood to organs of excretion