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Language
method of communication (spoken/written)
Paraphrase
the writer's understanding based on the original writing or speech discourse
Lingua franca
refers to a commonly used language or dialect
Communication process
offers understanding amid communicative transaction
Denotation
literal meaning of a word
Connotation
implied meaning of a word
Context clues
helps the readers to understand unfamiliar words
Thesis statement
it is the main idea of a paragraph
- Structure
- Context
- Choice of Words
Limitations of Academic Writing
Coherence
refers to the logical arrangement of ideas in a text
Context
it is considered as the atmosphere or the direction of writing
Choice of words
the formal yet comprehensible diction used by the writer, and follows the KISS format
Keep It Short & Simple
the acronym KISS stands for...
50,000-100,000 years ago
When did Homo sapiens develop language?
Homo sapiens
Who founded language itself?
Gesture system
What was the earliest form of human communication?
- Bow-Wow Theory
- Pooh Pooh Theory
- Ding-Dong Theory
Major Theories of the Origin of Language
Bow-Wow Theory
based on the sounds from animals and nature
Pooh-Pooh Theory
based on the sounds of emotional interjections (ex. ow!)
Ding-Dong Theory
based on the sounds associated with objects (ex. ticking sound of clocks)
Cultural & Religious Beliefs on Language
- Revelationist Theory
- Revelationist Conventionalist
Revelationist Theory
a theory explaining that only a divine power gifted language to humans.
Revelationist Conventionalist
a theory explaining that, a divine power gave a foundation of language to humans; however, humans expanded more to it
Evolution of Human Language
1. Gestures
2. Noises (groans, moans & screams)
3. Verbal Communication
4. Complex Verbal Communication
Benefits of Language to Society
- conveys information about the speaker
- establishes and maintains relationships
Structures in writing
From the title to the concluding paragraph
Contexts of Writing
Direction of the writing
emphasis
highlights the significance
unity
stresses the unification
slang
informal words
Redundancy
duplication of meaning
same words in the same sentence
verbal deadwood
writing unnecessary words
Double negative
contains two negative words
double comparison
double superlative
contraction