MEDTERMS AHHHHHHHHHHHHHH

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obstructive jaundice

if a gallstone is obstrusting the flow of bile in the bile ducts

hyperemesis gravidarum

excessive vomiting during the first months of pregnancy

crohns disease

due to the thickening of the intestional wall and ulcers

gallstone

causes bile to back up into the gallbladder

obstipation

severe, unrelieved constipation that can lead to a medical obstruction in the bowel

fecalith

hardened feces that become a stonelike mass

piles

dialated veins with blood until they are permanently protrude

melena

dark, tar like feces that contains digested food from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

pedunculated polyp

a thin stalk that supports an irregular ball shaped top

sessile polyp

mount with a broad base

benigh familial polyposis

an inherited condition in which family members have multiple colon polyp’s

crohns disease/ regional enteritis

affects the ileum and colon

ulcerative colitis

affects the colon and rectum and cases inflammation and ulcers

diverticulosis

condition of multiple diverticula

diverticulitis

condition when feces become trapped inside a diverticulum, causing inflammation, infection, abdominal pain, and fever

malrotation

if the blood vessels are twisted, blood flow is stopped and the tissues die

postoperative ileus

occurs after the intestines are manipulated during abdominal surgery and peristalsis is slow to return

glossitis

an inflammation that involves only the tongue

esophageal varix

a dialated, swollen vein in the mucosa

gastric stapling/ bypass

bypassing the duodenum where most fats are absorbed

endoscope

a flexible, fiberoptic scope with a magnifyinh lense and a light source

ileostomy

the procedure if part of the ileum and colon are removed and a stoma created

laparoscope

instrument used to examine the abdomen

laparascopic cholecystectomy

procedure to remove gallbladder

nasogastric tube

inserted through one nostril and advanced through the esophagus and into the stomach, only liquid feedings/drugs can be given here

cholecysrogram

an x-ray taken to identify stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts or thickening of the gallbladder wall

gallbladder sonogram

image of the gallbladder used to identify gallstones and the thickening of the gallbladder wall

cholangiogram

x-ray taken to show stones in the gallbladder and bile ducts or thickeining of the gallbladder wall

stool guaiac test

feces mixed with a chemical regent guaiac

indirect bilirubin

nconjugated bilirubin only reacts when another substance is added to the reagent

direct bilirubin

conjugated, reacts directly with the reagent used to perform a lab test

andenocarcinoma

cancerous tumor

choledocholithiasis

a gallstone that is stuck in the common bile duct

billary colic

when the gallbladder contracts, the duct spasms, causing severe pain

hepatoma

ordinary cancer that began in another place and spread to the liver

hepatosplenomegly

enlargement of both the liver and the spleen

incisional hernia

along the suture line of a prior abdominal surgical incision

ingunal hernia

in the groin

omphalocele

an umbilical hernia that is present at birth and is only covered with peritoneum, without any fat or abdominal skin

umbilical hernia

at the unbilicus

ventral hernia

anywhere on the anterior abdominal wall

hiatal hernia

the stomach bulges through the normal opening in the diaphragm for the esophagus

strangulated hernia

an incarcerated hernia whose blood supply has been cut off, this leads to tissue death

incarcerated hernia

an intestine swells in the hernia sac and becomes trapped

small bowel follow through

fluoroscopy (a continously moving x-ray) image on the screen is used to follow the baium through the small intestine

barium swallow

barium coats and outlines the walls of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

appendicitis

inflammation or infection of the appendix

colic

common disorder in babies, crampy abdominal pain soon after eating

colon cancer

cancerous tumor in the colon

diverticulum

weakness in the wall of the colon were mucosa forms a pouch or tube

dysentery

bacterial infection caused by unusual strain of E. coil, a common bacterium in the large intestine

gluten sensitivity enteropathy

an autoimmune disorder and toxic reaction to gluten found in certain grams

polyp

small, fleshy, benish or precancerous growth in the mucosa of the colon

hemorroids

swollen, protruding veins in the rectum or skin around anus

proctitis

inflammation of the rectum due to radiation therapy or ulcers or infection of the rectum

rectocele

protruding wall of the rectum pushes on the ajacent vaginal wall causing it to collapse inward and block the vaginal canal

constipation

failure to have regulr, solf, bowel movements

diarrhea

abnormally frequeent, loose and sometimes watery feces

flatulence

presence of excessive amounts of gas in the stomach or intestines

hematochezia

blood in the feces

incontinence

inability to voluntarily control bowel movements

steatorrhea

greasy, frothy, foul smelling feces that contain undigested fats

adhesions

fiberous bonds tthat form after abdominal surgery

hernia

weakness in the muscle in the diaphragm or abdominal wall

peratonitis

inflammation and infection of the peritoneum

ascites

accumulation of ascitic fluid in the abdominopelvic cavity

cirrhosis

chronic, progressive inflammation and finally irreversible degeneration of the liver, with nodules and scarring

hepatitis

inflammation and infection of the liver from the hepatitis virus

jaundice

yellowish discoloration of the skin and whites of eyes

liver cancer

cancerous tumor in the liver

cholangitis

acute or chronic inflammation of bile ducts because of cirrhosis or gallstones

cholecystitis

acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder

cholelithiasis

one or more gallstones in the gallbladder

pancreatic cancer

cancerous tumor of the pancreas

pancreatitis

inflammation/infection of the pancreas

albumin

test for albumin, the major protein molecule in the blood

bilirubin

test for conjugated, unconjugated and total bilirubin levels

fecal occult blood test

diagnostic test for occult (hidden) blood in the feces

gastric analysis

diagnostic test to determine the amount of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

cholangiography

procedure that uses a contrast dye to outlive the ble ducts

flat plate of the abdomen

an x-ray without contrast dye

gallbladder ultrasound

procedure that uses ultra high frequency soundwaves to create images of the gallbladder

insertion of nasogastric tube

procedure to insert a long, flexible tube through the nostril into the stomach

abdominocentesis

procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a needle and a vaccum container

appendectomy

procedure to remove the appendix because of appendicitis

biopsy

procedure to remove a small piece of tissue from an ulcer, polyp, mass, or tumor to look for abnormal or cancerous cells

bowel resection and anastomosis

procedure to remove a section of diseased intestine and rejoin the intestine

cholecystectomy

procedure to remove the gallbladder

choledochlithotomy

procedure to make an incision in the common bile duct to remove a gallstone

colostomy

procedure to remove the diseased part of the colon and create a new opening in the abdominal wall where feces can leave the body

endoscopy

procedure that uses the endoscope to internally examine the gastrointestional tract

exploratory laparotomy

procedure that uses an abdominal incision to open the abdominopelvic cavity widely so that it can be explored

gastroectomy

procedure to remove all or part of the stomach because of a cancerous or benign tumor

gastroplasty

procedure to treat severe obesity

gastrostomy

procedure to create a temperary or permanent opening from the abdominal wall into the stomach to insert a gastrostomy feeding tube

hemorrohoid-ectomy

procedure to remove hemorrhoids from the rectum or around the anus

herniorrhaphy

procedure that uses sutures to close a defect in the muscle wall where there is hernia

polypectomy

surgical excision of polyps from the colon using forceps

jejunostomy

procedure to create a temperary or perminanent opening from the abdominal wall into the jejunum through which to insert a jejunostomy feeding tube

liver transplantation

procedure to remove a severely damaged liver from a patient with end stage liver disease and insert a new liver from a donor