Aversive Control

What is a conditioned aversive stimulus?

A stimulus that precedes an operant and sets the occasion for avoidance.

What is an unconditional/primary aversive stimulus?

A stimulus that an organism escapes based on evolutionary instinct.

What is overcorrection?

Positive punishment requiring effortful behavior contingent on the problem behavior.

What is restitution?

Fixing the environment disrupted by the problem behavior.

What is positive practice?

Engaging in correct forms of relevant behavior for a period of time.

What is guided compliance?

Physically guiding an individual to comply with a request.

What is contingent exercise?

Engaging in effortful behavior for a specified time, unrelated to the problem behavior.

What is physical restraint?

Restraining the body part involved in the problem behavior for a specific time

What is time out from positive reinforcement?

Administering time out immediately, away from all positive reinforcements.

What is response cost?

Removing a specified amount of reinforcer, e.g., a speeding ticket.

What is the Premack principle for reinforcement?

High probability behavior reinforces low probability behavior.

What is escape learning?

Changing the environment to remove an unconditional negative reinforcer.

What is avoidance learning?

Preventing the occurrence of an aversive stimulus.

What is discriminated avoidance?

Avoidance responses controlled by the presence of a conditioned stimulus.

What is nondiscriminated avoidance?

Avoidance responding occurs without a stimulus to produce discrimination.

What is respondent extinction?

Avoidance maintained by operant conditioning can hinder respondent extinction.

What is learned helplessness?

When a dog shocked with no escape won't escape when it becomes available.