Physical Science H Q1 exam

a system of knowledge and the methods you use to find answer to questions

Science

Science begins with ________ which could lead to _________.

curiosity; discovery

tries to understand how nature behaves

Natural Science

ex of natural science

earth science, biology, botany, zoology, geology

deals with human behavior

Social Sciences

ex of social science

psychology

which branch does physical science belong?

natural science

the study of matter and energy

Physical science

What are the 2 branches of physical science

chemistry and physics

the study of matter and how it changes

Chemistry

the study of energy and how it makes matter behaves

physics

what is technology

applied science

the use of knowledge to solve practical science

technology

science and technology are ___________ advances in one lead to advances in the other

interdependent

using your senses to gather information

Observe

when you put things together according to how they are alike in some way

Classify

using scientific tools

Measure

for a measurement to be correct it must contain ____________ and ___________.

a number; a unit

all measurements contain _____________.

an error

when exact numbers are not needed or impossible to get

estimate

when you suggest an explanation for an observation

infer

this is a statement that can be tested

hypothesis

we do this to test a hypothesis

experiment

tables, graphs, etc.

organize

look for trends in your data was our hypothesis supported

analyze

when you say what you think might happen in the future

predict

an organized plan for gathering, organizing, and communicating information

Scientific Method

What is the goal of any scientific method

to solve a problem or to better understand an observed event

example of the scientific method

observe -> research -> hypothesis -> experiment -> data -> draw conclusion

scientist perform ___________ to test their hypothesis

experiment

T/F Experiments must be able to be repeated exactly the same way by anyone who does them

true

what type of experiment do we do the most at school

controlled experiment

what are the 3 types of variables

manipulated variable, responding variable, constant variable

the variable that causes a change in another

manipulated variable (independent)

the variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable

responding variable (dependent)

A variable that is not changed

controlled variable

a controlled experiment is an experiment in which ____________ changes

only one variable

what are the 2 groups in a controlled experiment

control group and experimental group

what normally happens this group is used to judge whether or not a change has occurred

control group

contains the factor being tested

experimental group

an explanation of a pattern found in nature

Scientific Theories

ex of scientific theory

Big Bang Theory

theories are usually _____________ (words)

qualitative

a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature without attempting to explain it

scientific laws

laws are usually _____________ (numbers)

quanititative

A representation of an object or event

scientific models

the system of measurement used all over the world in the scientific community (SI or International system of units)

metric systems

unit: gram

Measures: mass

triple beam balance

unit: mL

measures: volume

gradulated cylinder

unit: meter

measures: distance

meter stick

unit: seconds or minutes

measures: times

stopwatch

unit: degrees (kelvin)

measures: temperature

thermometer

unit: mL

measures: volume

beaker/flask

unit: newton

measures: weight

spring scale

What are the metric prefixes

kilo (K), hecto (H), deka (Da), base unit, deci (D), centi (C), milli (M)

a way of writing very large or very small numbers

scientific notation

simplest way to organize data

data table

a graph that compares a part of something to a whole

pie charts

A graph that is used to compare different categories to eachother

bar graph

a graph that is used to show changes that occur between related variables usually over period of time

line graph

most all graphs contain

title, labeled axis , scale numbers

anything that has mass and takes up space

matter

the smallest unit of a substance that still retains the properties of that substance

atom

made up by one kind of atom and cant be broken up into simpler substances

element

2 or more elements combine together

molecule

at least 2 different elements

compound

shows how many atoms of each element are in a unit of a substance

chemical formula

the number of atoms is is written as

a subscript

pure substance

classified into 2 categories

T/F pure substances are chemically combined and need be chemically separated

true

physically combined, can be separated physically

mixture

what are 2 types of mixtures

homogeneous and heterogeneous

the substances are evenly distributed and it looks the same "throughout"

homogenous

the substances aren't evenly distributed and it doesnt look the same throughout

heterogenous

how to tell if it is heterogenous or homogeneous

particle size, can it be filtered, does it scatter light

when it dissolves and forms a homogeneous mixture; doesn’t separate into distinct layers

solutions

heterogeneous mixtures that separate into layers over time

suspensions

particles settle out: no

can be filtered: no

scatter light: no

solutions

particles settle out: yes

can be filtered: yes

scatter light: yes

suspensions

particles settle out: no

can be filtered: no

scatter light: yes

colloids

is any characteristics of a material that can be observed or measured

physical properties

ex of physical properties

color, shape, ductility, boiling, mass, conductivity, density, etc

any ability to produce a change in the composition of matter

chemical properties

the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

reactivity

the ability to burn

flammability

when some of the properties of a material change but the substance in the material remains the same

physical change

when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction and forms one or more new substances

chemical changes

all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion

the kinetic theory of matter

Definite shape and volume and particles are arranged very close together

solid

has a definite volume and definite and particle are close but not a close as solid

liquid

No definite shape or volume and particles are far apart

gas

the most common phase of matter in the universe

plasma

is a result of a force distributed over an area

pressure (area)

the amount of force that the particles of gas strike the walls of their container causing the pressure in a closed container of gas

pressure (gas)

the factors that affect the pressure of a gas

temperatures, volume, number of particles

at constant pressure at the temp of a gas increase the volume of that gas increases

Charles' Law

at a constant temperature as the volume of a gas decreases the pressure in that gas increases

boyle's law

a reversible physical change that occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to another

phase change

does the temperature change or stay the same during a phase change

stays the same

energy is absorbed into the into the substance

endothermic change