5. Jacksonian Democracy and Westward Expansion (1824–1850)

The Jacksonian Administration wanted to do what?

lower taxes and reduce government spending.

Jackson had a belief that banks were run by _________

corrupt businessmen

Jackson vetoed a bill that would restart the ________

second bank of the United States

Jacksonian Democracy extended political participation by _____

removing property qualifications for white men.

Jackson passed The Indian Removal Act of 1830 which:

authorized the relocation of Eastern Indians to federal lands West of Mississippi River

Result of the 1830 Indian Removal Act

The Trail of Tears (1830-1850)
the forced relocation of approximately 60,000 to 100,000 Native Americans, many died from hunger and disease.

By 1840, only a few members from the ______ and ______ tribes remained, hiding in  remote areas of the Southeast.

Seminoles and Cherokees

Jackson’s arrogance and repeated use of the veto, gave him the nickname “King Andrew”. As a result, a politcal party formed to oppose him, called _____

The Whigs

What was the panic of 1837 during Martin Van Buren's administration?

a severe financial crisis (banks ran out of gold & silver) that began just weeks after Martin Van Buren took office, triggering a major depression that lasted until the mid-1840s

Election of 1840 result

Because of Van Buren’s financial crisis, the Whigs nominee William Henry Harrison won.

What made the 1840 presidential election particularly significant in U.S. history?

It introduced modern campaign tactics like slogans and image branding

What happened to William Henry Harrison?

Died after a month in office, shortest presidential term ever.

The age of reform brought the rise of literature, which represented ______

Northern writers and new philosophies

Who was Walt Whitman? What was his idea?

An American poet, idea of individualism/transcendentalism

Who was the author of “The Ravens”, what were his ideas?

Edgar Allan Poe, explored the world of spirit and emotion.

In additions to literature, the age of reform brought the _______ and _______

Fine arts, and the origination of the Mormons organized by LDS church

The Hudson River School Program showed American society the ______

greatness of nature

What became the source of inspiration for many Americans back then? Also, what became a powerful force of society?

European romanticism. Revival of being a protestant.

What types of institutions were created during the age of reform?

Prisons, more public schools, and mental-hospitals

What movements started to emerge in the age of reform?

Feminism and the abolitionist movement

In New York, which two political parties fought so much that the state military had to be called in?

The Democrats and Whigs

Which two states witnessed race riots during the 1830s?

New York and Philadelphia

Many of the free black people in the South were _____ and had what?

Mixed-race (Mulattos) and owned their own slaves, often members of their own family.

Who were the planter class? Three quarter of the Southern whites owned fewer than __ slaves.

Planter class - owners of large farms, who also own 50 to more slaves.
¾ of Southern white had less than 6 slaves.

Traders shipped many slaves by thousands to:

the new open, cotton lands of the Gulf states and new territories that were purchased

Although the importation of slaves from abroad was outlawed by Congress in 1808, _______

slaves were still being smuggled in until the 1850s

How did many enslaved people in the antebellum South maintain resilience?

By relying on family, religious faith, and community networks

The westward expansion resulted from soil exhaustion and ________

Falling prices from Virginia to Georgia

Southern planters wanted to move westward to _____

Take advantage of cheap land and make a fortune

What was Manifest Destiny?

The belief that the west was a divinely ordained part of the United States given by god

Who populated the West before white settlers took over?

Latinos, Mulattos, and Natives

What did settlers move along during westward expansion?

The Overland trail

Why were Utopian communities created?

Wanted an egalitarian society with cooperation