subcultures: topic 3- types of deviant subcultures

features of delinquent subcultures

• non-utilitarian crimes (crimes commited without gaining finitial gain)

• deviant N+V’s- different from mainstream

delinquent subculture

Cohen- ‘delinquent boys’- w/c boys escape from status frustration. gain recognition

Miller- w/c boys participate- wider lower-class subculture.

• focal concerns, e.g fate

Jackson: ladette

features of criminal subcultures

• utilitarian crimes (aim to gain money)

criminal

Cloward and Ohlin- illegitimate opportunity structure

Venkatesh- criminal opportunity structure- black kings

Densley- globalisation- expansion of drug network

features of spectacular

• distinct styles/ behaviors

• different N+V’s than mainstream

spectacular

Hall and Jefferson: punks, symbolically resist bourgeois hegemony by threatening behaviour etc.

Clarke: skinheads- ‘us vs them attitude’

S. Cohen: mods and rockers

features of anti-school

• delinquent values/ attitudes etc.

• disrespect teachers

• don’t engage in school work

• rule breaking

anti-school

Willis- myth of meritocracy- lads

Hargreaves- labelling in school - self-fulfilling prophecy

lacey: streaming- branded failures

features of gangs

• shared identity

• engage in criminal activity

• conflict with other gangs

• hierarchy

gangs

Decker: threatening, reputation for violence. Group identity is important.

klein: vice queens.

densely: becoming more organised in structure, e.g. older inner circle

evaluation

Maffesoli: neo tribes - no longer organised along trad social lines

Abrams: youth experience same key events

matza: subcultural theories over predict delinquency