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What are the major characteristics of light microscopy
uses light waves, glass lenses, and resolution is .2 micrometers
what are the major terms used in electron microscopy
electron waves, electromagnetic lenses, resolution limit is typically .23 micrometers
what are the types of light microscopes
compound
bright field
dark field
phase contrast
fluorescence
confocal
inverted
what are the types of electron microscopes
transmission electron
scanning electron
cryo-electron
scanning probe
what are the steps of light microscopy preparation
fixation, staining
what is simple staining
a single stain is used to determine size, shape, arrangement of bacteria
what are the types of simple stains
crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin, malachite green,
what is differential staining
helps divide organisms into groups based on staining properties. detect presence or absence of structures
what are types of differential stains
gram stain
acid fast stain
what is negative staining
produces images bright against a dark background
what is shadowing
specimen is coated with a heavy metal
freeze etching
samples are rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen
what are characteristics of scanning probe microscopy
measures surface features of an object by moving a sharp probe over an objects surface
what are the types of scanning probe microscopy
scanning tunneling
atomic force
compound light microscope
A microscope that uses multiple lenses to magnify small objects. It uses a combination of lenses, including an objective lens and an eyepiece lens, to produce a magnified image.
bright field microscope
Microscope that uses a bright light source to illuminate the specimen. Produces a dark image against a bright background. Commonly used in biology and medical labs for observing stained samples.
dark field microscope
contains a special condenser that scatters light and causes it to reflect off the specimen at an angle
phase contrast microscope
Microscope technique that enhances contrast in transparent specimens by exploiting differences in refractive index. Achieved by using a special condenser and objective lens to create a phase shift in the light passing through the specimen. Allows for visualization of transparent samples without the need for staining or fixing.
fluorescence
Process where a substance absorbs light at one wavelength and emits light at a longer wavelength. Commonly used in microscopy and bioimaging techniques.
confocal
A microscopy technique that uses a pinhole to eliminate out-of-focus light, resulting in high-resolution images with improved optical sectioning.
inverted microscope
A microscope where the objective lens is positioned below the specimen, allowing for the observation of cells or other samples in a culture dish or container.
transmission electron microscope
Uses a beam of electrons to visualize the ultrastructure of specimens. Provides high-resolution images of internal structures and surfaces.
scanning electron microscope
Uses a beam of electrons to create high-resolution images of the surface of a sample. Provides detailed information about the sample's topography, composition, and morphology.
cryo electron microscope
A powerful microscope that uses beams of electrons to visualize the structure of frozen samples at a high resolution.
scanning probe
A type of microscope that uses a physical probe to scan and create images of a sample's surface at the nanoscale. It can provide high-resolution images and gather information about the sample's properties, such as topography, conductivity, and magnetic fields.