Block 1 Drugs

Drug that inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination after phosphorylation by viral thymidine kinase (HSV, VZV)

Acyclovir

Oral prodrug of acyclovir with better bioavailability

Valacyclovir

Guanosine analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase; used for CMV; requires phosphorylation by viral kinase

Ganciclovir

Oral prodrug of ganciclovir with better bioavailability

Valganciclovir

Drug that inhibits viral DNA polymerase without requiring phosphorylation; used for CMV

Foscarnet

Pyrophosphate analog that directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase

Foscarnet

Nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA polymerase; used for HSV keratitis

Trifluridine

Beta-lactam antibiotic resistant to penicillinase; used for MSSA

Nafcillin

Beta-lactam antibiotic with broad Gram-negative coverage; combined with tazobactam

Piperacillin

Cephalosporin with anaerobic coverage; used for abdominal infections

Cefotetan

Third-generation cephalosporin with Pseudomonas coverage

Ceftazidime

Fourth-generation cephalosporin with Pseudomonas coverage

Cefepime

Fifth-generation cephalosporin active against MRSA

Ceftaroline

Carbapenem resistant to dehydropeptidase I

Meropenem

Carbapenem given with cilastatin to inhibit renal metabolism

Imipenem

Monobactam safe in penicillin allergy

Aztreonam

Glycopeptide that inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding D-Ala-D-Ala

Vancomycin

Glycopeptide causing red man syndrome

Vancomycin

Drug that inhibits transglycosylase and prevents peptidoglycan polymerization

Bacitracin

Beta-lactamase inhibitor combined with amoxicillin

Clavulanic acid

Beta-lactamase inhibitor combined with piperacillin

Tazobactam

Cephalosporin generation most associated with disulfiram-like reaction

Cefotetan

Drug that binds D-Ala-D-Lac and is used for VRE

Dalbavancin

Polyene that binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores

Amphotericin B

Topical polyene used for Candida infections

Nystatin

Azole antifungal that inhibits ergosterol synthesis by blocking 14-α-demethylase

Fluconazole

Azole antifungal used for Aspergillus infections

Voriconazole

Azole antifungal with endocrine side effects

Ketoconazole

Topical antifungal that inhibits squalene epoxidase

Terbinafine

Drug of choice for dermatophyte nail infections

Terbinafine

Antifungal causing visual disturbances

Voriconazole

Antifungal causing nephrotoxicity and electrolyte disturbances

Amphotericin B

First-line TB drug that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis via KatG activation

Isoniazid (INH)

Vitamin given with isoniazid to prevent neuropathy

Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

TB drug causing hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, and lupus-like syndrome

Isoniazid (INH)

Rifamycin that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and causes orange body fluids

Rifampin

Rifamycin preferred in HIV patients due to less CYP450 induction

Rifabutin

TB drug that inhibits arabinosyl transferase and can cause red-green color blindness

Ethambutol

TB drug that works best at acidic pH inside macrophages

Pyrazinamide

TB drug associated with optic neuritis

Ethambutol

Aminoglycoside used for drug-resistant TB; causes ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Streptomycin

Fluoroquinolone used for MDR-TB

Levofloxacin

Fluoroquinolone associated with tendon rupture and QT prolongation

Moxifloxacin

Phenazine dye used for leprosy; causes red-brown skin discoloration

Clofazimine

Sulfone that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase; used for leprosy

Dapsone

Drug causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency and methemoglobinemia

Dapsone