Animal and plant cells

What are the main differences between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

What is a cell wall?

The cell wall is a rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides structure and support.

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis.

What structures are unique to animal cells?

Lysosomes and centrioles are structures unique to animal cells.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What is cytoplasm?

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance within the cell membrane where organelles are located.

What is the nucleus?

The nucleus is the control center of the cell that contains genetic material.

What is the purpose of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

The ER synthesizes proteins and lipids and is involved in transporting them.

What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface for protein synthesis, while smooth ER does not.

What are ribosomes?

Ribosomes are small organelles that synthesize proteins.

What is the role of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

What is vacuole?

A vacuole is a large storage sac found in plant cells that holds water, nutrients, and waste.

How do plant cells maintain turgor pressure?

Plant cells maintain turgor pressure through the water stored in their vacuoles.

What is the purpose of Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion.

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

What is the role of lysosomes?

Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest and break down waste materials and cellular debris.

What are centrioles?

Centrioles are cylindrical structures involved in cell division in animal cells.

What is the importance of the cell membrane's fluid mosaic model?

The fluid mosaic model describes the dynamic structure of the cell membrane, consisting of various lipids and proteins.

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

The cytoskeleton provides shape and support, and facilitates movement within the cell.

What are the differences in size between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells are generally larger than animal cells.

What is a common feature of both plant and animal cells?

Both have a nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane.

What is plasmodesmata?

Plasmodesmata are channels between plant cell walls that allow for communication and transport.

What role does the nucleolus play in the cell?

The nucleolus is where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced and assembled with proteins to form ribosomes.

How do animal cells obtain nutrients?

Animal cells obtain nutrients through endocytosis and absorption from their environment.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

The plasma membrane regulates the entry and exit of substances and helps maintain homeostasis.

What are peroxisomes?

Peroxisomes are organelles that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

What process do plant cells use to convert sunlight into energy?

Plant cells use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into chemical energy.

What is the shape difference between plant and animal cells?

Plant cells are generally rectangular or boxy, while animal cells are more varied in shape.

What is the role of transport proteins in the plasma membrane?

Transport proteins help in the movement of ions and molecules across the plasma membrane.