Honors Bio. T3 Final - Brom 22-23

Meiosis

is a type of cell division that produces gametes (sex cells)

Independent Assortment

- the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.

Mucus

in the nose and throat traps pathogens, then cilia push trapped pathogens away from the lungs.

Molecular evidence

can be seen in similarities when comparing DNA.

Natural selection

favored those with the optimal beaks for their food.

foreign substance

Any that can stimulate an immune response, often located on the outer surfaces of bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Galapagos finches

had different adaptations that better fit the needs of different areas.

mRNA molecule

The is then transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it is translated by the ribosomes.

immune system

The releases chemicals to increase body temp.

Deactivate

or kill any foreign substance or cell that enters the body.

phagocytes

Many are that engulf and destroy bacteria.

T

lymphocytes ( cells) are produced in bone marrow but mature in the thymus.

Lymphocytes

are the main working cells of the immune response (B and T)

tRNA molecule

Once the has bound to the amino acid, it can then transport it to the ribosome, where it is added to the growing protein chain.

Heredity

- Offspring must tend to resemble their parents (Mendelian inheritance)

rRNA molecule

The helps to catalyze the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, which is a crucial step in the process of protein synthesis.

Reproduction

- Entities must reproduce to form a new generation.

B

lymphocytes ( cells) are produced and mature in red bone marrow.

Physical Variation

- Characteristics of members in the population must differ.

genetic material

Crossing Over- is swapped between two chromosomes.

amino acids

It is responsible for carrying to the ribosomes, where they are assembled into a protein chain.

ribosome

It is a component of the , which is the cellular machinery responsible for assembling proteins.

Transfer RNA

(tRNA) is another type of RNA that plays a critical role in protein synthesis.

immune system remembers specific invaders

The , allowing a quicker and more effective attack for repeated pathogens.

Mendelian genetics

laid the foundation for modern genetics.

recessive allele

An individual must inherit two copies of a(n) in order to express a particular trait.

Higher body temp

also speeds up parts of the immune response.

Population Variation

- The fitness of organisms must differ.

immune cells

Antibodies tag antigens for destruction by .

Specific immune defenses

are triggered by antigens.

Meiosis

occurs in the gonads (ovaries and testes) of sexually reproducing organisms.

tRNA molecule

The has a specific sequence of nucleotides that allows it to recognize and bind to a specific amino acid.

mRNA molecule

The is synthesized during the process of transcription, where a section of DNA is copied into RNA by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

Father of Genetics

Gregor Mendel

Crossing Over

genetic material is swapped between two chromosomes

Independent Assortment

the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene