Botany- meristems and tissue

SAM

Shoot Apical Meristem

RAM

Root Apical Meristem

Vertical elongation?

SAM and RAM

Lateral meristems produce

Secondary growth (woody growth) which increases plant's circumference

The primary meristems in apical meristems are

The protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem

Protoderm?

Dermal tissue (epidermis)

Procambium?

Vascular tissue (primary xylem and primary phloem)

Ground meristem?

Ground tissue (cortex, pith, and mesophyll)

Parenchyma function?

Metabolism (cell respiration/photosynthesis), food/water storage, secretion (resisns, nectar, and latex)

Regeneration/wound healing

Collenchyma function?

Flexible support

Sclerenchyma function?

Rigid support

What are the two types of sclerenchyma?

Sclereids and fibers

Sclereids?

Astroscereid or stone cell, contains lumen and pit canals

Fibers?

Create structure, especially when liginified. Contains lumen and pit canals

What is in the procambium/vascular tissue

Primary xylem and primary phloem

Tracheary elements?

Tracheids and vessel members to conduct water and minerals

Difference between tracheids and vessel members.

Tracheids are imperforate meaning they pass water through plasmodesmata and vessel members are perforate meaning they form a pipe to conduct water

What is the plasmodesmata?

A pit region through which water can flow

Protoxylem?

Helical or annular. Allows for growth, can expand before they solidify

Metaxylem?

Simple pits (sclerenchyma)

Sieve tube members and companion cells are found in

Phloem

Sieve tube members function

Conduct sugar through sieve plates.

Do not contain nucleus

Companion cell?

Contains nucleus, keeps drive tube member cell alive

Guard cell?

Contains stoma, only cell's on outer surface that contains chloroplast. They open and close based on turgour pressure. Function for gas exchange. Co2 in and O2 and H2O out

Cuticle?

Contains cutin, waxy substance

Trichomes function?

Prevent water loss, defense system, secrete resins/essential oils (glandular thricomes)