Studied by 7 people
Cellular Respiration
The process occurring in all living cells that releases energy in the form of ATP.
Aerobic Respiration
A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to occur and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Gas Exchange
The process by which living organisms acquire oxygen from the environment and release carbon dioxide back into the surroundings.
Diffusion
The process by which gases are exchanged between living organisms and their environment, influenced by factors like surface area and concentration gradient.
Gas Exchange Surfaces
Surfaces in organisms that facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, possessing properties like permeability and a large surface area.
Ventilation
The mechanism essential for the exchange of gases in the lungs, involving inspiration (breathing in) and expiration (breathing out).
Spirometer
An apparatus used to measure lung volumes and investigate the effect of exercise on ventilation.
Tidal Volume
The volume of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing, which can increase during exercise.
Vital Capacity
The total amount of air exhaled after taking a deep breath, calculated by adding tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, and expiratory reserve volume.
Leaf Adaptations for Gas Exchange
Adaptations in plant leaves like stomata, mesophyll tissue, and vascular tissue that facilitate gas exchange and photosynthesis.
Stomata
Pores in the leaf epidermis allowing gas exchange during photosynthesis
Transpiration
Loss of water vapor through stomata during gas exchange, aiding in cooling and mineral uptake
Guard cells
Cells that regulate stomatal opening and closing to balance gas exchange and water loss
Turgor pressure
Pressure in plant cells due to water uptake, supporting leaves and non-woody stems
Capillaries
Small blood vessels with a single endothelial cell layer for efficient exchange of substances
Arteries
Blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart with thick muscular walls and elastic tissue
Veins
Blood vessels carrying blood to the heart at low pressure, with valves to prevent backflow
Transpiration stream
Movement of water from xylem vessels to replace water lost during transpiration
Capillary Action
The movement of water in a narrow tube due to adhesion to the tube's walls.
Transpiration Pull
The pulling force created in xylem vessels by tension when water moves into leaves, allowing water to move against gravity.
Cohesion-Tension Theory
The theory explaining the movement of water in plants due to cohesion between water molecules and tension in xylem.
Transpiration Stream
The continuous upward flow of water in xylem vessels of plants.
Xylem Vessels
Vascular tissues responsible for transporting water and mineral ions from roots to leaves in plants.
Atherosclerosis
The process of arterial narrowing due to the build-up of fatty deposits, leading to reduced blood flow.
Coronary Heart Disease
A condition resulting from atherosclerosis, potentially causing heart attacks due to blocked arteries.
Epidemiological Studies
Research on human populations to evaluate the correlation between risk factors and coronary heart disease.
Controlled Experiment
A study design involving different groups to establish causal links between risk factors and diseases.
Validity of Results
Ensuring that research outcomes are accurate, unbiased, and measure what they intend to, considering various factors like sample size and study design.
