7th Grade Life Science Study Guide

Flashcards about scientific measurement, predator ecology, atoms, chemical reactions, photosynthesis, osmosis, human digestion, and frog anatomy.

What metric units are used in scientific measurement?

mm, cm, m, mL, g

What does reading data tables involve?

To interpret rows and columns and find relationships and trends

What is a predator?

Hunts and eats other animals

What is prey?

The animal that gets eaten

What does a carnivore eat?

Eats meat

What does an omnivore eat?

Eats both plants and animals

What does nocturnal mean?

Active at night

What does crepuscular mean?

Active at dawn/dusk

What does diurnal mean?

Active during the day

What is depredation?

Predation or damage caused by predators

What is an adaptation?

A trait that helps a species survive in its environment

What is a keystone species?

Crucial for ecosystem balance

What is an indicator species?

Shows health of the ecosystem

What is an umbrella species?

Protecting them protects many species

What is a flagship species?

Symbol species for conservation

Name the top 5 predator species

Coyote, black bear, panther, bobcat, or alligator

What is an atom?

Smallest unit of an element

What is NaCl

salt

What is H2O

water

What is SiO2

sand

What are abundant elements?

Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, Iron, Calcium, Sodium

What is an element?

Pure substance of one type of atom

What is a compound?

2+ elements chemically bonded

What does E stand for in the ESC method?

Element

What does S stand for in the ESC method?

Subscript

What does C stand for in the ESC method?

Coefficient

In 2H2O, how many hydrogen and oxygen atoms are there?

4 Hydrogen atoms, 2 Oxygen atoms

What is necessary when balancing chemical equations?

Make sure both sides have equal atoms

How do you convert grams to moles?

Use molar mass (g/mol)

How do you convert moles A to moles B?

Use mole ratio from balanced equation

What is the full stoichiometry conversion from grams A to grams B?

g A → mol A → mol B → g B

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What are the reactants in photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, water

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose, oxygen

What are the catalysts for photosynthesis?

Light, chlorophyll

What do roots do?

Absorb water/nutrients

What is the function of leaves?

Site of photosynthesis

What is the function of stomata?

Gas exchange

What do veins do?

Transport water and sugar

What happens in chloroplasts?

Where photosynthesis occurs

What are mesophyll cells?

Main site of photosynthesis

What does absorbed light do?

Powers photosynthesis

What does reflected light represent?

What we see (e.g., green from chlorophyll)

What is diffusion?

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

What is osmosis?

Diffusion of water across a membrane

What is hypertonic?

More solute outside; water moves out

What is hypotonic?

More solute inside; water moves in

What is isotonic?

Equal solute; no net movement

What is the formula for Rf value?

Distance pigment traveled / Distance solvent front traveled

What is the formula for % error?

|Measured - Actual| / Actual x 100

What are the functions of the mouth (teeth, tongue) in digestion?

Physical digestion, saliva

What are the functions of the pharynx and esophagus?

Swallowing, moving food

What is the function of the stomach?

Chemical digestion (protease, acid)

What is the function of the small intestine?

Absorbs nutrients

What is the function of the large intestine?

Absorbs water

What is the function of the liver?

Produces bile (digests fat)

What is the function of the gall bladder?

Stores bile

What is the function of the pancreas?

Makes enzymes (carbohydrase, lipase, protease)

What are the functions of the rectum and anus?

Waste elimination

What is the function of enzymes?

Catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions

What conditions affect enzyme activity?

Temperature and pH

What is the function of forceps?

Pick up small items

What does anterior mean?

Front

What does posterior mean?

Back

What does dorsal mean?

Back side (top)

What does ventral mean?

Belly side (bottom)