PREPOSITION - CONJUNCTION - ADVERB

regardless of / despite / in spite of

prep - mặc dù

though / although / even though

conj - mặc dù

on account of / because of / due to / owing to / given

prep - bởi vì

because / since / now that / seeing that / given that

conj - bởi vì

regarding / concerning / about

prep - về / liên quan đến

according to

prep - theo như

since 2022

prep - từ khi

since I was 10 years old

conj - từ khi

prior to / before

prep - trước khi

nonetheless / nevertheless / however

ADV - tuy nhiên

in addition / furthermore / moreover

ADV - ngoài ra, thêm vào đó

so / therefore / as a result

ADV - vì vậy / do đó / kết quả là

when / while / as

conj - khi

until 2022

prep - cho đến

until she evaluated the ...

conj - cho đến khi

during the 20th century

prep - trong suốt, trong khi

while i was doing homework

conj - trong khi

in case = if = once = as long as

conj - trong trường hợp / nếu / một khi / miễn là

as if

conj - như thể là

Instead of

giới từ - thay vì

both

and

either

or

neither

nor

not only

but also

for

prep - cho, để, trong khoảng thời gian

by

prep - bởi, trước, bằng cách

with

prep - với

throughout / within / during / for / over

prep - trong suốt khoảng thời gian

among

prep - một trong những, giữa

throughout

prep - khắp + nơi chốn

from A to B

prep - từ A đến B

also

add a similar idea

Vegetables are good for your health; ___________, they are tasty.

besides

add a similar idea

Vegetables are good for your health; ___________, they are tasty.

furthermore

add a similar idea

Vegetables are good for your health; ___________, they are tasty.

in addition

add a similar idea

Vegetables are good for your health; ___________, they are tasty.

moreover

add a similar idea

Vegetables are good for your health; ___________, they are tasty.

however

add an unexpected or surprising condition

I love eating ice cream; ___________, I am allergic to dairy.

nevertheless

add an unexpected or surprising condition

I love eating ice cream; ___________, I am allergic to dairy.

nonetheless

add an unexpected or surprising condition

I love eating ice cream; ___________, I am allergic to dairy.

still

add an unexpected or surprising condition

I love eating ice cream; ___________, I am allergic to dairy.

in contrast

add a complete contrast

We usually get snow and rain in January; ________, the summer is dry.

on the other hand

add a complete contrast

We usually get snow and rain in January; ________, the summer is dry.

as a result

add a result

I stayed up late watching The Walking Dead last night; _________, I feel like a zombie today.

consequently

add a result

I stayed up late watching The Walking Dead last night; _________, I feel like a zombie today.

therefore

add a result

I stayed up late watching The Walking Dead last night; _________, I feel like a zombie today.

thus

add a result

I stayed up late watching The Walking Dead last night; _________, I feel like a zombie today.

meanwhile

list ideas in order of time (during)

The teacher was explaining the grammar; meanwhile, the student was playing on his phone.

afterward

list ideas in order of time (first, second)

The student was playing on his phone; ________, the teacher saw him and threw the phone out the window.

then

list ideas in order of time (first, second)

The student was playing on his phone; _________, the teacher saw him and threw the phone out the window.

subsequently

list ideas in order of time (first, second)

The student was playing on his phone; __________, the teacher saw him and threw the phone out the window.

for example

give an example

I appreciate respectful students; __________, I appreciate the students who don't ask me questions during lunch.

for instance

give an example

I appreciate respectful students; __________, I appreciate the students who don't ask me questions during lunch.

simarlarly

show similarities

Texting during class is disrespectful; ______, checking Facebook while your teacher is talking is rude.

likewise

show similarities

Texting during class is disrespectful; ______, checking Facebook while your teacher is talking is rude.

instead

show the opposite of what is expected.

The medicine did not help my headache; ____________, it made my head hurt more.

on the contrary

show the opposite of what is expected.

The medicine did not help my headache; ____________, it made my head hurt more.

rather

show the opposite of what is expected.

The medicine did not help my headache; ____________, it made my head hurt more.

on the other hand

give another possibility

I could drive to school and save time; __________ , I could take the bus and save money.

alternatively

give another possibility

I could drive to school and save time; __________ , I could take the bus and save money.

otherwise

give another possibility (if not)

Exit level students must pass their finals; _________, they will not pass the level.

in other words

give another possibility

Some cultures are matriarchal; _________, the mothers are the head of the family.

that is

give another possibility

Some cultures are matriarchal; _________, the mothers are the head of the family.

indeed

make a stronger statement

Translating English on your phone is not accurate; ___________, it gives you a completely wrong definition.

in fact

make a stronger statement

Translating English on your phone is not accurate; ___________, it gives you a completely wrong definition.

but

I talked to Amy for a long time, ___
she didn't listen.

and

I talked to Tom for a long time, ___
I asked him many questions.

but

I waved at my friend, ___
she didn't see me.

and

I waved at my friend, ___
she waved back.

and

I waved at my friend, ___
I smiled at her.

but

My test was short and easy, ___
Ali's test was hard.

so

I was tired, ___
I went to bed.

and

I sat down on the sofa, ___
I opened the newspaper.

but

The students were on time, ___
the teacher was late.

so

I wanted a cup of tea, ___
I heated some water.

but

The phone rang, ___
I didn't answer it.

so

I was hungry, ___
I ate an apple.

so

It started to rain, ___
we went inside.

or

Are you going to go shopping, ___
are you going to study at home?

or

I can't remember if her plane arrives at 8 ___
if it arrives at 8:30.

or

Is their new baby a girl, ___
is it a boy?

or

I can't decide whether I want coffee ___
whether I want tea with my dessert.

nor

Janet doesn't like sushi, _ does she like any kind of fish.

for

Mary thinks she should go to school, ____ she wants to get qualifications for a new profession.

nor

The students didn't prepare for the test, _ did they realize how important the test was.

subject

tells who or what the sentence is about

predicate

tells what the subject is or does

simple sentence

a sentence with one subject and one predicate

compound sentence

two simple sentences combined using a comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS)

conjunction

part of speech that connects words, phrases, clauses, and sentences

comma rule

A comma must be placed before the FANBOYS or connecting word.

True

Each part of the compound sentence must be able to make sense on its own.

for

explains a reason or purpose

and

connects two ideas that are similar

nor

presents an alternative negative idea to an already negative idea

but

shows contrast

or

presents an alternative or choice

yet

introduces a contrasting idea that follows the preceding idea logically

so

indicates effect, result, or consequence