INTRODUCTION-SPECIAL RAD PROCEDURE

CONTRAST MEDIA

Diagnostic agents introduced into the body via injection, ingestion, or instillation—to enhance visualization of organs or structures with low natural contrast.

INJECTION, INGESTION, INSTILLATION

CONTRAST MEDIA: Diagnostic agents introduced into the body via (BL), (AN), or (K) —to enhance visualization of organs or structures with low natural contrast.

ATOMIC NUMBER AND ATOMIC CONCENTRATION/VOLUME

CONTRAST MEDIA:

Effectiveness depends on:

WHITE

HIGH ATOMIC NUMBER:

BLACK

LOW ATOMIC NUMBER:

GREATER ENHANCEMENT

HIGH CONCENTRATION:

LESSER ENHANCEMENT

LOWER CONCENTRATION:

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

TWO TYPES OF CONTRAST MEDIA

POSITIVE CONTRAST MEDIA

HAVE HIGH ATOMIC NUMBER

RADIOPAQUE

NEGATIVE CONTRAST MEDIA

HAVE LOWER ATOMIC NUMBER

RADIOLUCENT

BARIUM SULFATE AND IODINE

COMMON TYPES OF POSITIVE CM

AIR, CARBON DIOXIDE, OXYGEN

COMMONLY USED OF NEGATIVE CM

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BARIUM SULFATE:

ATOMIC NUMBER (Z):

Non-absorbable by the Gl Tract, Non-Toxic to the Body

Reasons for Barium Sulfate as Ideal CM for GI:

1. Ideal for Radiographic Contrast

2. 

3. 

4. Stable Suspension, Preventing Precipitation during Use

CONCENTRATION, PARTICLE SIZE, VISCOSITY, THIXOTROPY, ADDITIVES

PROPERTIES OF BARIUM SULFATE (5)

Leakage into the pleural spaces, leakage into the mediastinum, pulmonary aspiration, bowel obstruction

HAZARDS AND COMPLICATION OF BaSO4

Commercial and plain

TYPES OF BARIUM SULFATE

barodense, barsperse, barytgen

commercial barium sulfate

ionic contrast media

also known as HOCM

salts of electrically negatively charged acids containing iodine

non-ionic contrast media

also known as LOCM

do not ionize in solution and less painful

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MASS NUMBER (A):

SODIUM CARBONATE, SODIUM CITRATE, DIMETHYLPOLYSILOXANE, CARBOXYLE METHYL CELLULOSE

FOUR EXAMPLES OF BARIUM ADDITIVES:

BARODENSE, BAROSPERSE, BARYTGEN

EXAMPLES OF COMMERCIAL BARIUM SULFATE

HIGHER OSMOLARITY CONTRAST MEDIA

HOCM

OIL-BASED, TABLETS, POWDER, LIQUID

FOUR PHYSICAL STATES OF CONTRAST MEDIA

ETHIODIZED OIL

OIL-BASED CONTRAST MEDIA IS ALSO CALLED AS

BRONCHOGRAPHY, LYMPHOGRAPHY, MYELOGRAPHY

HISTORICAL USES OF OIL-BASED CM ARE:

ETHIODOL

COMMON AGENT OF AN OIL-BASED CM IS:

PANTOPAQUE

OIL-BASED CM:

for myelogram:

DIONISIL OILY

OIL-BASED CM:

for bronchograms

TABLETS

A TYPE OF CM THAT IS PRIMARILY USED IN GALLBLADDER

Sodium ipodate

Biloptin

Iopanoic Acid

Telepaque

Iocetamic Acid

Cholebrine

iodoalphanoic acid

Biliselectan

POWDER

WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL STATE OF A BARIUM SULFATE

LIQUID

WHAT IS THE PHYSICAL STATE OF A IONIC & NON-IONIC IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA

Air

• Property: Commonly used in veterinary radiography.

• Use: Most common in veterinary radiography

Carbon Dioxide

• Absorption Rate: Absorbed faster than nitrogen in room air.

• Form: Available in commercial cartridges.

• Examples: Gastroluft, EZ gas.

Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, Half-Life

CLEARANCE OF IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIA