Imperialism

Annexation

The act of adding territory to an existing state or country.

Assimilation

The process by which a person or group adopts the culture of another group.

Berlin Conference

A meeting in 1884-1885 where European powers divided Africa among themselves without African representation.

Boer War

The conflict between the British Empire and the Boer settlers in South Africa, primarily over control of territory and resources.

Crimean War

A conflict fought between 1853 and 1856, primarily over control of territory in the Black Sea region.

Direct Control

A method of managing colonies involving a central authority.

Indirect Control

A method of managing colonies that relies on local rulers.

Geopolitics

The study of the effects of geography on international politics and international relations.

Great Game

The political and diplomatic confrontation between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia.

Imperialism

A policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, military force, or other means.

Jewel in the Crown

A term used to describe India's role in the British Empire as its most valuable colony.

King Mongkut

The king of Siam (now Thailand) who modernized the country and maintained its independence during imperialism.

Maji Maji War

A rebellion against German colonial rule in East Africa, characterized by the belief in magical water that would protect them.

Menelik II

The emperor of Ethiopia who successfully resisted colonization by defeating Italian forces at the Battle of Adwa.

Muhammad Ali

An Ottoman military leader who is considered the founder of modern Egypt.

Paternalism

A policy of governing people in a parental way by providing for their needs without giving them rights.

Quinine

A medication used to treat malaria, derived from the bark of the cinchona tree.

Raj

The period of British rule in India from 1858 to 1947.

Ram Mohun Roy

An Indian social reformer known as the 'Father of the Indian Renaissance' who advocated for modernization and reform.

Sati

A historical Hindu practice where a widow would self-immolate on her husband's funeral pyre.

Sepoy

An Indian soldier serving under British command in the army.

Sepoy Uprising

A rebellion against British rule in India in 1857, sparked by cultural insensitivity and military grievances.

Shaka

A leader of the Zulu nation who united various tribes and is known for his military innovations.

Social Darwinism

The belief that certain nations or races are superior to others and are thus destined to rule over them.

Suez Canal

A man-made waterway in Egypt connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, crucial for trade.