Chapter 1 - DHO: Key Figures and Concepts in Medicine

Ancient Greeks

First to discuss diet & hygiene practices

Hippocrates

Ancient Romans

Began public health and sanitation systems, sewers

Dark Ages

Began after the fall of the Roman Empire, had an outbreak of diseases

Middle Ages

began training of physicians and bubonic plaque happened

Renaissance

Rebirth of the science of medicine

16th, 17th, and 18th centuries

increased knowledge of the human body & how it functioned, Invention of the microscope allowed physicians to see disease causing organisms

19th century

-formal training for nurses

-infection control developed

-first stethescope developed

20th century

most rapid growth in healthcare, x-rays, insulin for diabetes, conjoined twins separated, HIPAA, OBRA, first test tube baby, open heart surgery, healthcare plans

Vaccines: Antibiotics- polio vaccine, hepatitis, herpes, chicken pox

21st century

- stem cell research

- human genome

- pandemic occurred and bio-terrorism

Ancient Chinese

believed strongly in the need to connect the spirit and the body

acupuncture, massage, herbal medicine

Ancient Times

believe illness is caused by evil spirits

Clara Barton

founder of Red Cross

Ben Carson

successfully separated conjoined twins at the cranium

Edward Jenner

Discovered the small pox vaccine.

Hippocrates

Father of medicine

Ben Franklin

bifocals

Joseph Lister

Began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery

Mary Breckinridge

Established the Frontier Nursing Service

Ignaz Semmelweis

advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from one OB patient to another

Ephraim McDowell

Surgeon from Danville, Ky.

Performed the first ovariotomy -(surgical removal of the ovary) - to remove a 22 pound tumor

Salk and Sabin

Discovered polio vaccine

Crick & Watson

discovered the structure of DNA

Robert Koch

German doctor who identified the bacterium that caused tuberculosis

Elizabeth Blackwell

First female physician

Gabriel Fahrenheit

Created the first mercury thermometer

Wilhelm Roentgen

discovered x-rays

Rene Laennec

Invented the stethoscope

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Invented the microscope

Florence Nightingale

Founder of modern nursing

Louis Pasteur

Began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria

Leonardo da Vinci

Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist, began anatomy paintings

Alexander Fleming

discovered penicillin

Sigmund Freud

founder of psychoanalysis, study of the mind

Christian Bernard

First successful heart transplant

William Harvey

English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs)

one way congress is trying to control costs for government insurance plans such as medicare and medicaid

complementary medicine

health care practices and products used together with conventional medicine

alternative medicine

health care practices and products used in place of conventional medicine

geriatric care

care for the elderly

Holisitic Health

views the mind, body, and spirit as interdependent and functioning as a whole within the environment

energy conservation

the practice of finding ways to use less energy or to use energy more efficiently

Early Intervention

systematic process of providing services to help families meet young children's developmental needs, prevent disease, and educate

Wellness

an overall state of well-being or total health

Mental and intellectual wellness

Promoted by being creative, logical, curious, and open-minded; using common sense; obtaining continual learning; questioning and evaluating information and situations; learning from life experiences; and using flexibility and creativity to solve problems

Physical Wellness

good physical fitness and confidence in your personal ability to take care of health problems

Spiritual Wellness

a feeling of unity or oneness with people and nature and a sense of life's purpose, meaning, or value; for some, a belief in a supreme being or religion

Gabriel Fallopius

identified the fallopian tubes, described the tympanic membrane in the ear

Michelangelo

anatomy book

Cost Containment

trying to control the rising cost of health care and achieving the maximum benefit for every dollar spent

aging population

a population in which the percentage that is age 65 and older is increasing relative to other age groups

hydrotherapy

therapy using water

Mediatation

practice of moving with the intent to increase self awareness - helps patient regain focus, happiness and inner peace

guided imagery

intentional visualization of images that are calming, relaxing, or beneficial in other ways

yoga

a system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind

hypnotherapy

the use of hypnosis to produce a relaxed state of focused attention in which the patient may be more willing to believe and act on suggestions