Conflict and Tension: The First World War

Causes of the First World War, stalemate during the war and ending the war.

What were the world powers before WWI?

Britain, France, Russia,Germany and Austria-Hungary

Why was Britain the biggest empire and navy in the 19th century?

Britain had gone through the industrial revolution

Who makes laws in Britain?

Parliament

Who is the monarch in Britain?

George V

What was Britain divided to?

Britain was did used between the rich and the poor

Who is the most powerful country in Europe before WWI?

Britain

Who lost the Franco-Prussian War 1870-71?

France and Aisace and Lorraine was given to Germany

Who won the Franco Prussian War?

Germany

What was the largest country in Europe before WWI?

Russia

Did France have a Monarch?

No, France had a republic (President and Prime Minister)

Who was the second biggest empire?

France

Where was France's empire situated in?

Mainly in West Africa and South East Asia

How many people did Russia have?

160 million people

Did Russia have lots of land?

Russia had vast amount of land not used for farming due to weather

Did a lot of people live in luxury in Russia?

Most lived in extreme poverty whilst a few lived in luxury.(Very divided)

Was Germany a new country?

New country from 1871. Won the Franco-Prussian war

Who is the leader of Russia before WWI?

Tsar Nicholas II

Who had no overseas empire?

Russia

Did Germany make progress quickly?

Germany made progress rapidly. Had caught up to Britain in terms of industry

Was Germany divided?

Germany is a divided country with many working in poor working conditions

Who was the leader of Germany before WWI?

Kaiser Wilhelm II

What year did Wilhelm II become kaiser?

1888 (birthright)

Was Germany a new country before WWI?

Germany was a new country but growing empire in Africa and in the far east

When was the union of Austria Hungary?

Union of Austria and Hungary happened in 1867

What nation was Austria-Hungary?

Austria-Hungary was a nation of many ethnic groups. (Austrians, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Bosnians, Poles, Croats, Serbians and more)

Who was the emperor of Austria-Hungary?

Franz Joseph

Does A-H have it's own emperor?

Had it's own empire but no overseas and many wanted independence

When was the dual alliance formed?

The Dual Alliance was formed between Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879

When and why was the triple alliance formed?

The Dual alliance became the Triple Alliance in when Italy signed in 1882. They promised to help each other in case of war

When and why was the Franco-Russian alliance formed?

After the Franco-Prussian war, France and Russia formed an alliance in 1892 to protect themselves against Germany. They promised to help each other out if either was attacked

When and why was the Entente Cordiale formed?

Signed between France and Russia, offering mutual support and security against Germany's growing power in 1904

When was the Triple Entente formed?

Formed between Britain, France and Russia in 1907

What was the first Moroccan crisis

A dispute between France and Germany, after France declared it's intention to colonise and take over Morocco

When was the First Moroccan crisis?

1905-1906

Why did France want to take over Morocco?

Morocco was one of the few African countries that had not been colonised by a European power. France agreed with other powers that it would take Morocco

Why did Kaiser visit Morocco?

He visited Kaiser in 1905 and pledged his support to the Sultan regarding Morocco's independence. The Kaiser had dreams of weltpolitik and therefore didn't want France to colonise Morocco. He wanted to test the strength of the Entente Cordiale

How did France react?

They were angry, as they believed Germany should not have interfered with their ambitions

How was the Moroccan crisis solved?

It was solved by the Algeciras Conference in 1906 in Spain

What were the consequences of the first Moroccan crisis?

It was decided that France would have control over Moroccan police, but not colonise Morocco= angered France.

Strengthened the Entente Cordiale and angered the Kaiser as he was humiliated only A-H supported Germany

What year was the Second Moroccan crisis?

1911

What was the cause of the Second Moroccan Crisis?

It was another dispute between France and Germany, when Morocco appealed for help from France after rebels rose against the sultan

How many troops did France sent to Fez to stop the rebellion against Sultan in the city of Fez?

20,000 troops

How did Germany react?

In response, Germany accused France of trying to take over Morocco and that Kaiser sent a warship, (Panther), to Agadir

How did France react to Germany sending the Panther?

The French reacted by sending more troops to Morocco. Britain tried to persuade France against doing this, but concern about the behaviour of Germany meant they had to support the action

How did the Second Moroccan crisis end?

A series of meetings were held and the crisis ended. The Germans stood down, withdrew their warship (Panther) and left Morocco

What were the consequences of the Agadir crisis?

Decided that France would take Morocco

The French would give parts of Congo to Germany= marshland

Tension between France,Britain and Germany increased

It strengthened the Triple Entente

It weakened the Triple Alliance, as Italy did not support Germany

Who were the Balkans?

A regional in Europe

What was Bosnia?

A country inside the Balkan region

What was the Ottoman Empire?

The Ottoman Empire was once the most powerful empire in the world and a lot of the Ottoman Empire was in the Balkan region

Why was the Ottoman Empire called 'the sick man of Europe?'

They began to lose a lot of their empire's land in the 1800s

Did Serbia used to be in the Ottoman Empire?

Serbia used to be in the Ottoman Empire but has recently gained their independence

What did Serbia believed in?

Pan-Slavism

What year did A-H take control of Serbia?

1908

Why did many people want to unite with neighbouring Bosnia?

Many people wanted Bosnia and Serbia to join together to form 'Greater Serbia'

What happened at the events of the Bosnian crisis?

1908, there was a rebellion in Turkey. A-H took advantage of this rebellion and seized Bosnia that had been under the Ottoman control

Why was Serbia angry at A-H invasion?

They wanted to unite with Bosnia ( pan-slavism)

What did Serbia do next?

Asked their ally Russia for assistance

What did Russia do to help their ally Serbia?

Russia called for an international conference to discuss A-H's actions

Did the Kaiser support A-H in the annexation of Bosnia?

The Kaiser supported A-H as they were allies and A-H supported Germany at the Algeciras Conference in 1906

What did Russia face?

Russia faced a dilemma: stand up for Serbia/Bosnia and take on both Germany and A-H or back down?

What did Russia chose to do?

Russia chose to back down as it was not prepared to go to war against Germany in 1908

What was the impact and consequences of the Bosnian crisis 1908?

Most people in Bosnia resented A-Hungarian rule and wanted to join with Serbia.

Russia forced to back down=Tsar vowed this would not happen again and began building more weapons.

The Black Hand Guy was formed in Serbia and Bosnia.

Italy did not support the Triple Alliance again=weak.

What was the aim of the Black Hand Guy formed?

It's aim was to get independence by getting rid of A-Hungarian rule. Many were prepared to use violence

Why was the Balkan League formed?

It was formed to destroy the Ottoman Empire in Europe and gain independence. Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and Montenegro joined forces to do and prepared to fight the Turks

When did the Balkan War start?

October 1912

What did the Balkans do on October 1912?

War began when Turkey was attacked. It was only 50 days and half a million soldiers fought

What happened to Turkey after the First Balkan War?

Turkey lost the war and at a peace conference May 1913, Turkey agreed to withdraw from all the areas of Europe it controlled. The remaining land was shared amongst the Balkan League

When did the First Balkan war end?

May 1913

When did the Second Balkan War start?

June 1913

Why did the Second Balkan war begin?

The Balkan League began arguing over the amount of land they had each taken from Turkey. The king of Bulgaria felt his country should have had more and declared war on Serbia and Greece to get it.

What happened during the second Balkan War?

Turkey gets back involved to regain it's empire. Turkey joined and fought against Bulgaria, Romania joined in too against Bulgaria

What was the aftermath of the Second Balkan War?

It was a disaster for Bulgaria. Bulgaria lost almost all it's gains from the First Balkan War.

What year did the Second Balkan War end?

August 1913

What is splendid isolation?

At the end of the 19th century, Britain played little part in events in Europe. It was isolated from all alliances. Splendid isolation depended on the strength of the British Royal Navy and it's ability to defend territories/empire.

Why did Britain break it's splendid isolation?

Germany's increasing power and status. Britain was very suspicious of Germany and their increasing power.

What were the aims of Kaiser Wilhelm II?

Weltpolitik=world policy and Germay to have a big powerful navy.

Why did the Kaiser wanted to have Weltpolitik?

The Kaiser believed Germany should be a global power and he wanted Germany to increase it's position in the world.

What did the Kaiser need to do to have Weltpolitik?

He needed to expand Germany's empire/colonies across the world.

What did Germany do in the late 1800s?

Germany began to conquer nations in Africa.

Why did this concern Britain?

Britain had the biggest empire in the world.

Why did the Kaiser wanted to have a big powerful navy?

The Kaiser wanted a large navy because it would help build an empire= achieve weltpolitik. He wanted to rival Britain who had the biggest navy and empire

What did this cause?

This caused tension as Britain has justified having a powerful navy and had 'ruled the waves' throughout the 1800s. Britain didn't understand why Germany needed to rival their navy and saw it as a direct threat.

Arm race

a competition between nations to develop the most superior weapons/army.

Naval race

A situation which two or more countries create warships that are the most powerful than warships built by other country.

What was the Anglo-German Naval race?

It was a competition between Germany and Britain to have naval supremacy. The race was run between 1906-1914.

Why did Germany wanted an bigger navy?

In order to build a bigger empire, Germany needed to expand their navy. This was a threat to the UK as they had the biggest navy in the world.

Why did this threaten Britain?

Because UK is an island, a navy was more important than an army for defence. Britain relied on it's navy to keep routes open to the empire and protect economic interests. Germany wanted to become a world power and saw this as a threat to it's empire.

What did the Kaiser do?

Kaiser Wilhelm II made a speech in 1901, saying he wanted Germany to rival Britain to have 'a place in the sun'. Germany's ambition concerned Britain, as they saw them as a threat. This led to a naval race between powers, building up bigger and more powerful weapons and ships.

What were the events of the Anglo-Naval Race?

Britain built up a huge navy and by 1900, it was the world greatest naval power. In 1901, the Kaiser announced that he wanted to rival Britain's empire. To do this, he needed a larger navy. He began a shipbuilding campaign. In 1906, Britain announced a new warship- the dreadnought. The dreadnaught was faster, stronger and more powerful than any other battleship. The German began to work on their own dreadnought (The Rhineland). The British responded with an improved dreadnaught, the 'super- dreadnaught'. The naval race began!

Who won?

Between 1906=1914 Britain built 29 dreadnoughts, compared with Germany's 17

What was the Arms Race on land?

It was how much each country spend on the military between them.

How much did Britain, France, Germany, A-H and Russia spend on the military?

They spend £60 million on the military between them.