Elizabeth GCSE History Eduqas WJEC

Who were Elizabeth's parents?

Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

When did Henry VIII break away from the Roman Catholic Church?

Why was Elizabeth made illegitimate?

Aged two,Elizabeth was made illegitimate due to Henry VIII accused Anne of treason for being friendly with the males in court and had Anne executed in the Tower of London.

Who were Edward VI's parents?

Henry VIII and Jane Seymour.

Described Edward VI's reign

Became King in 1547 after Henry VIII's death .

Due to young age,9, his advisers made the important decisions for him.

Made the Church of England more protestant

Elizabeth lived with Catherine Parr under Edwards reign.

Dies in 1553 after a history of being ill.

Who were Mary I's parents?

Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII.

When did Elizabeth become queen?

17th November 1558.

Elizabeth's Coronation

12th January 1559 Elizabeth travelled from Whitehall to the Tower on a ceremonial barge on the Thames.

14th January 1559 Elizabeth had a triumphal coronation procession through London with music.

15th January 1559 Elizabeth was crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe-the Catholic Bishop of Carlisle-and walked to the state banquet in Westminster Hall.

Elizabeth's upbringing

Learnt Greek,Latin,French and Italian.

Well read in arts and literature.

Loved dancing,riding and music.

Keen on archery and needlework.

Studied theology and favoured the English bible.

Elizabeth's personality

Quick temper.

Unwilling to spend money

Had to manage nation's finance due to the national debt she had inherited.

Spent money on appearance due to

Elizabeth's use of portraits

Helped project her royal authority.

Portraits became less and less accurate throughout her reign to maintain a powerful image.

Caught smallpox in 1562 which left her face badly scarred.

Type of propaganda.

Nobles displayed her portraits to show loyalty to the Queen.

Elizabeth's use of royal progresses

Elizabeth would stay in her nobles houses receiving free upkeep and entertainment.

During summer months.

Propaganda exercise to show that Elizabeth was seen by her subjects.

Privilege for the noble but also very expensive for them.

Host expected to present the Queen with expensive gifts.

What was the Royal Court?

Centre of political power.

Whitehall Palace in London.

Ladies -in-waiting,chief advisers,government officials and servants lived with the Queen.

Used patronage to keep keen and young nobbles loyal.

Describe the factions in the Royal Court

Chief rivalry- William Cecil and Robert Dudley.

Disputed interventions in wars, Cecil favoured caution which Dudley favoured direct action.

Also disagreed on the subject of religion as Dudley was a Puritan and Cecil was a protestant.

Describe the Privy Council

Body of advisers and ministers appointed by the Queen to help her rule.

From the noble and gentry class and occasionally archbishops.

Met 2 or 3 times a week .

Discussed crises and other prominent issues.

Biography of Sir William Cecil(1520-98, created Lord Burghley in 1571)

Moderate protestant.

Privy councillor during Edward VI's and Mary's reign.

1558-Become Secretary of State.

Manged the meetings of parliament.

1572-Appointed Lord Treasurer.

Served Elizabeth for 40 years until his death.

Biography of Robert Dudley(1537-88),created Earl of Leicester in 1564)

Puritan.

Close childhood friend of Elizabeth.

Fought against the French under Mary's reign.

1558-Entered the Royal Court.

1562-Appointed to the Privy Council.

1564-Appointed Earl of Leicester.

1585-Commanded army in the Netherlands and returned to England.

Biography of Sir Christopher Hatton (1540-91)

Moderate Protestant.

1557-Appointed as the Vice-Chamberlain of the household and a member of the Privy Council.

1561-Enters Elizabeth's court and is responsible for organising the Queen's progresses.

1567-Becomes Lord Chancellor

Biography of Sir Francis Walsingham (1532-90,knighted in 1577)

Devout Puritan.

Well educated in Cambridge and Padua in Italy.

1568-Started working for the government.

1570-Appointed ambassador to Paris due to his command of European Languages.

1573-Made Secretary of State with special responsibility of foreign affairs.

Placed in change of Elizabeth's secret service.

1586-Uncovered a plot to murder Elizabeth that involved Mary Queen of Scots.

Biography of Robert Cecil(1563-1612)

Protestant.

Younger son of William Cecil.

1590-Took over Walsinghams duties after his death

1591-Appointed to the Privy Council.

1603-Responsible for supervising James VI's succession following the death of Elizabeth

Lord Lieutenant

Chief among royal officials.

Held by a wealthy landowner and often a member of the Privy Council.

Kept the Queen informed about what was happening in their area.

In charge of local militia.

Supervised the work of the Justices of Peace.

Very prestigious post.

The Sherrif

One in each county.

Concerned with legal affairs such as appointing juries,delivering prisoners to court and collecting taxes.

Importance declined as responsibilities had been given to other people.

Justice of the Peace

Maintained law and order.

30-60 per county.

Wealthy Country Gentlemen.

Unpaid-Got power and status.

Sat in court sessions.

Administered justice for minor crimes.

Administered poor relief.

The Parish Constable and Nightwatchman

PC appointed from among the tradesmen and farmers in the areas.

Held the unpaid post for 1 year and were closely supervised by the JP's.

Nightwatchmen patrolled the streets at night looking for criminals

The overseer of the poor

Helped administer the poor relief.

Appointed by the JP's.

Collected taxes and distributed the money to the poor.

Describe the role of parliament during Elizabeth's reign.

Much less powerful than today.

Queen controlled when it met.

Only 10 parliaments during Elizabeth's reign.

Could raise taxes to gather finances.

2 bodies-House of Lord and House of Commons.