Philosophy - 2nd quarter prelim

The Value of Doing Philosophy

teaches us to be intellectually engaging and inquisitive, but remain humble because we acknowledge that we have LIMITED KNOWLEDGE; we also do not have a MONOPOLY on it

Inquisitive

Doing Philosophy teaches us to be intellectually engaging and __________.

Humble

We remain __________ because we acknowledge that we have limited knowledge.

Monopoly

We also do not have a __________ on it. (it = knowledge)

Value #1

Doing Philosophy requires hard thinking, which arouses your curiosity about many things around you. Despite being intellectually sensible and engaging, you will be humbled by the reality that you do not have a monopoly on knowledge.

Curiosity

#1 Doing philosophy requires hard thinking, which arouses your __________ about many things around you.

Value #2

It trains us to become logical, critical, objective, and fair in rendering judgment.

• Being logical and critical cultivates our sense of being reasonable.

• “Objectivity requires that you give a fair hearing to the evidence in arguments for the other side” - David Kelly.

• Even if you reject other evidence, in the end, knowing why you reject them will give you a better understanding of your position.

Logical and Critical

#2 Being __________ cultivate our sense of being reasonable.

Reasonable

#2 Being logical and critical cultivates our sense of being __________.

David Kelly

“Objectivity requires that you give a fair hearing to the evidence in arguments for the other side” said by __________.

Value #3

It empowers you to communicate ideas persuasively.

• Philosophical analysis abhors obscure hairsplitting, rhetorical expressions, flowery and fluffy statements, and sugarcoating, among other things.

• It requires the simple use of language in expressing ideas.

Persuasively

#3 It empowers you to communicate ideas __________.

Language

#3 It requires the simple use of __________ in expressing ideas.

Value #4

It liberates your mind from the bondage of ignorance and dogmatism.

• Ignorance - Lack of knowledge

• Dogmatism - any opinion or belief considered incontrovertibly true.

  While an ignorant person may overcome ignorance by making an effort to learn and acquire knowledge in various ways, a dogmatic person is someone who cannot easily be persuaded to accept other beliefs contrary to their own.

• Doing philosophy teaches you how to overcome ignorance, and by overcoming it you also learn how to resist dogmatic teachings and indoctrination.

Ignorance

Lack of knowledge

Dogmatism

Any opinion or belief considered incontrovertibly true.

Cannot easily be persuaded to accept other beliefs

#4 While an ignorant person may overcome ignorance by making an effort to learn and acquire knowledge in various ways, a dogmatic person is someone who __________ contrary to their own.

Resist dogmatic teachings

#4 Doing philosophy teaches you how to overcome ignorance, and by overcoming it you also learn how to __________ and indoctrination.

Value #5

It helps you broaden your perspectives on particular problems or issues and holistically approach them. It emphasizes the inclusivity of perspectives.

• Philosophy enables you to be open to many varied perspectives and examine them to form holistic views.

• Holistic View - considers every perspective in its wholeness rather than partially.

• Example: When we look into the issue of covid-19 and its effects, we do not simply look into one aspect (eg. the Economic aspect). If we only look into the economic aspect of covid-19 we can call this a partial rather than a holistic point of view. When we look into the holistic view of covid-19, we need to consider the virus's effects on all aspects of human and environmental life.

Broaden your perspectives

#5 It helps you __________ on particular problems or issues and holistically approach them. It emphasizes the inclusivity of perspectives

Holistic View

Considers every perspective in its wholeness rather than partially.

Partial

#5 Example: When we look into the issue of covid-19 and its effects, we do not simply look into one aspect (eg. Economic aspect). If we only look into the economic aspect of covid-19 we can call this a __________rather than a holistic point of view.

Value #6

It cleanses you from impurities such as false, unsupported beliefs.

• Philosophy enables you to eliminate unnecessary thoughts, issues and problems that you seem to think are significant and essential, but actually are not.

Unnecessary thoughts

Philosophy enables you to eliminate __________, issues and problems that you seem to think are significant and essential, but actually are not.

Value #7

It strengthens the person's ability to be reflective and to think independently.

• Doing philosophy enhances your sense of creativity, originality and foresight. We should also learn to be self-critical, keep yourself always on constant examination and think independently.

Reflective

#7 It strengthens the person's ability to be __________ and to think independently.

Creativity, originality, foresight

#7 Doing philosophy enhances your sense of __________, _________ and _________.

Self-critical

#7 We should also learn to be __________, keep yourself always on constant examination and think independently.

Value #8

It teaches the person to be a tireless inquirer, lover, and teller of truth.

Truth

Natural sciences and philosophy are different in approaches in producing the _________, yet they both share the same interest towards finding it.

Claim or hypothesis

Natural sciences employ the scientific method, and they also do experiments (to support their _________)

Thought experiment

Philosophy does a special kind of experiment called the “__________. ”

Natural science

In ___________, there is a need of data to support your claim, it needs to be empirical (observable, material, or physical evidences.)

Philosophy

In _________, one does not need empirical evidence to prove your argument or hypothesis.

Michael Lynch’s book, The Nature of Truth

“The deepest philosophical questions are not isolated; they sit at the center of our broader cultural concerns, This is certainly the case with the problem of truth. ”

Isolated

“The deepest philosophical questions are not _________; they sit at the center of our broader cultural concerns, This is certainly the case with the problem of truth. ”

Center

“The deepest philosophical questions are not isolated; they sit at the _________ of our broader cultural concerns, This is certainly the case with the problem of truth. ”

Increasing Technological Sophistication

When technology is used to spread falsehoods without carefully examining such information quickly. With technology, we thend to pursue and distort the truth for our self-invested interests.

Falsehood

When technology is used to spread ____________ without carefully examining such information quickly.

Self-invested

With technology, we thend to pursue and distort the truth for our __________ interests.

Closely related

Truth is __________ to belief

Assertion

Truth is closely related to _________ or endorsement

Intimately connected

Truth is also __________ to knowledge

Logic

Truth is closely related to __________. One cannot say that a conclusion is true if the premises are false.

Truth

We commonly define logic as a study of correct reasoning or thinking, which implies knowing, searching for, and arriving at _________.

Reasoning or thinking

We commonly define logic as a study of correct ____________, which implies knowing, searching for, and arriving at truth.

Hypothesis

also called intellectual guess