Physics: Motion, Work, Power & Energy

Flashcards covering Newton's laws of motion, work, power, mechanical energy, and relevant physical formulas with trigonometric components.

First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a net external force.

Second Law of Motion (Law of Acceleration)

States that acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass, calculated as $F = m a$.

Third Law of Motion (Law of Action-Reaction)

States that for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.

Work (W)

The transfer of energy when a force causes displacement in the direction of force, measured in Joules ($\text{J}$) and calculated as $W = F d$.

Power (P)

The rate at which work is done or energy is transformed over time, measured in Watts ($\text{W}$) and calculated as $P = \frac{W}{t}$.

Mechanical Energy (ME)

The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy in a system, expressed as $ME = KE + PE$.

Kinetic Energy (KE)

Energy of motion that depends on mass and the square of velocity, calculated as $KE = \frac{1}{2} m v^2$ and measured in Joules ($\text{J}$).

Potential Energy (PE)

Stored energy due to position or height, calculated as $PE = m g h$ and measured in Joules ($\text{J}$).

Force (F)

A physical quantity defined as mass times acceleration ($F = m a$), with standard units of Newtons ($\text{N} = \text{kg}\cdot\text{m/s}^2$).

Work at an Angle

The work done when a force is applied at an angle $\theta$, given by the equation $W = F d \cos(\theta)$.

2D Velocity Vectors

Components of velocity in two dimensions expressed as $v_x = v \cos(\theta)$ and $v_y = v \sin(\theta)$, with total speed $v = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2}$.