Hate Crimes and Terrorism

These flashcards encapsulate the key concepts related to hate crimes, terrorism, and the laws surrounding them.

Terrorism

Often considered an 'upward crime'; involves attackers of lower social standing than the victim.

Hate Crime

Crimes perpetrated by members of the majority or powerful group, targeting a radical, religious, or minority victim.

Gang Violence

Violence committed by organized groups to assert dominance, control territory, or for criminal purposes.

Implicit Bias

A form of bias that occurs automatically and unintentionally, affecting judgements and decisions.

Prosecuting Hate Crimes

Prior to the 1970s, hate crimes were prosecuted as underlying crimes without specific hate crime laws.

Institutional Vandalism

Vandalism targeting places of worship or institutions.

Deterrence

The idea that hate crime laws might discourage bias-motivated offenses.

Symbolic Effects

Laws act as a societal statement condemning prejudice and promoting equality.

Indirect Victims

Members of the victim's group or associates suffering due to the victimization of a direct victim.

Fifth Amendment

Possible violation related to vague language in hate crime laws.