Exercise Science Test #3

Sport is a?

business

ventral capitalist firms

people that take others’ money and invest it

what is the focus of this course?

creating as many participants as possible accross as many populations as possible for

What is included in the wellness Paradigm?

emotional, physical, social, spiritual, environment, and mental well being

EPSSEM

What are the cultural compentency/ diversity questions?

how do we involve the older generation and the poverish?

How can we be sensitive to the needs and barriers of others

How do we reach underserved populations?

What are the challenges that sports faces while answering and addressing questions?

Increased use of PEDs, increased violence among players coaches and fans, corruption among officials, giatianism

What is Giatianism in sports?

How do we promote health?

good health, quality of life

How do we encourage education or violence?

physical and moral education

How do we provide good morals or encourage corruption?

focusing on young people and minorities

How do we promote balanced development of sport in cities (sport tourism)?

economic and social development

ex. ticket prices, the global industry, government/ politics, religious/ ethnic

How does the mass media affect sport?

ex. NIL

media teams need to coach on how to talk to the media

kids idolize the athletes they see on TV

Study of people, groups, institutions, human activities in terms of social behavior and social order within society

sociology

Who is J. Coakley?

the gold standard of sports sociology

“sports are well established, officially governed competitive physical activities in which participants are motivated by internal and external rewards” Coakley

official definition of sport

How is sport administered?

governance and institutionalization

governance

Training, use of strategy, specialization, and definitions of roles for players and coaches

Institutionalization

Standardized pattern or set of behaviors sustained over a period of time

What are concerns in interscholastic sports (high school sports)?

1. overemphasis on winning

2. specialization at an early age

3. restriction of opportunities for students

4. drug abuse

5. soaring cost

6. quality of leadership

7. losing sight of educational goals

Educational sport vs ?

Big businesses

What are issues in intercollegiate sport?

1. exploitation of athletes

2. gambling

3. retention of coaches

4. drug abuse

5. spiraling costs

6. media

EGRDSM

What does title IX

says if you don’t have an opportunity to play a sport based on on your sex then you can’t be denied an opportunity to tryout for the opposite sex team

Stacking

players from certain racial or ethnic groups are disproportionately represented at certian positions

Collective behavior

mob mentality, individuals are willing to act differently than they would by themselves

Exercise Psychology

behavior, feelings, and thoughts of people engaged in sport, exercise, and physical activity. This is a dynamic field

____ can change, ____ is who you are

behavior can change, personality is who you are

Cognitive behavior hypothesis

promotes positive thoughts and feelings

Distraction hypothesis

engaging in physical activity distracts individuals from cares, worries, and frustrations

Endorphin hypothesis

physical activity increases secretions of endorphin (leads to improves mood and well-being)

Motivation influences…

the initiation, maintenance, and intensity of behavior. It influences you to maintain a certain level of behavior

motive derived from own desires, needs, goals, etc

intrinsic motivation

motive for engagement focuses on gaining external rewards

extrinsic motivation

Learning a new behavior is achieved by?

altering the many small behaviors that make up the big behavior, make small goals, and work incrementally toward them, and provide rewards

Adoption of a health behavior depends on the person’s individual belief of … (health belief model)

severity of potential illness

susceptibility to illness

benefits of taking action

barriers to action

social cognitive theory

behavior change is influence by environmental factors, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself

Transtheoretical model states

the stages of change

you try to make sure you always have a plan in place

pros and cons of change is known as ____ and is driven by the ____

Decisional balance

drivin by the individual

confidence is about his/her abilities in a situation is known as ___ ___ and is driven by the ___

self-efficacy

driven by the individual

Exercise and Adherence is the idea of looking at

what will motivate people to continue to exercise and keep them coming back and doing the program

the inverted U theory describes the

the science behind personality

subjective feeling of apprehension accompanied by heightened level of physiological arousal

anxiety

an autonomic response that results in the excitation of various organs of the body

physiological arousal

Trait anxiety:

State anxiety:

integral part of personality

emotional response to a specific situation

allows for peak performance

optimal level of arousal

Outcome goals

focuses on what you want the result to be

Performance goals

focuses on how you did

Processes goals

short term, benchmark, goals show progression and leads to what you want

SMART goals

S

M

A

R

T

S → specific
M → measurable
A → action oriented
R → realistic
T → time

Type of self talk: reminds self of technique or strategy (telling yourself how to do somthing)

task relevant statements

Type of self talk: effort, persistence, confidence

Positive self talk

Types of self talk: modify intensity

Mood Statements

Type of Imagery": athletes see themselves performing, 3rd person view

external imagery

Type of Imagery: athletes construct the image of the performance from perspective of their own eyes, 1st person view

Internal imagery

social entity created to coordinate the efforts of individuals with the intent to achieve goals

Organization

Types of Organizations

public (federal, state, government)

non-profit (volunteers make the decisions)

comercial (professional organization)

Subcategories of organizations?

intercollegiate

youth sport

accessory organization

professional

interscholastic organization

Productivity is judged by

effectiveness and efficiency

effectiveness

extent to which it achieves its goals

Efficiency

achievement of goals to use minimum resources

True/False: sport effectiveness is judged by shareholders

true

productivity

process by which organizations reach their goals

inputs → transformation → outputs

goals are also known as ___

outputs

the individuals are the ___

imputs

rowing the boat is ___

transformation

What is the role that media plays in sports?

it determines how people feel about the sport

a pattern of shared basic assumptions learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaption and internal integration

culture

exist on the surface, things the outside people known about the team

ex. stories, rites, ceremonies, symbols

Artifacts

Exist just below the surface, what is stated to be important but that might not be what actually occurs

Espoused beliefs, values, and attitudes

exist at the deepest levels of organizations, where the design of the culture came from, where you learn what you believe in

Fundamental assumptions

Strong culture

everyone within believes in the culture

Weak structure

people are doing their own thing

Positive culture

culture that is supportive and loving

Negative culture

culture that is cutthroat

Manager

does things right

works towards achieving goals and completing tasks

transactional

Leader

broader than a manager

believe in doing things the right way

transformational

Not all leaders are ___, not all managers are ____

not all leaders are managers, not all managers are leaders

process where an individual leader influences, motivates, and enables a group of individuals to achieve a common goal

leadership

what is it almost impossible to arrive at one working definition because?

so many disciplines study leadership

Kouzes and posner did what?

over 25 years interviewed 75,000 people around the world

leadership style: leader demands compliance “do what I say”

coercive

leadership style: leader is a change catalyst, “follow me”

authoritative

Leadership stye: leader focuses on developing relationships “relationships first”

affilitative

Leadership style: leader forges consensus through participation, collaboration, and communication. “we’re in this together”

Democratic

leadership style: leader sets high standards “models the way”

Pacesetting

Leadership style: leader focuses on developing for the future “getting you ready”

coaching

how we get to know our followers, the “buzz” word in exercise science. The ability to understand oneself and others, relate, and adapt to immediate surroundings

Emotional Intelligence

What emotional intelligence is associated with: your own self perceptions of emotions, it is how you act or believe you would act based on your personality?

Trait Emotional Intelligence

What emotional intelligence is associated with: the cognitive ability to perceive, express and regulate emotions with oneself and others?

Ability Emotional Intelligence

What are the 4 things that are involved in the Delivery system of communications in sport?

1. sender

2. message

3. channel through which message is delivered

4. reciever

Every message is communicated through a ___

sender

_____ in a message is paramount

clarity

What are the three Types of Communication?

1. interpersonal/ dyad (one on one meeting)

2. group/ team

3. collective/ organization

Sport is different than any other product because?

because of the way it is marketed

aspects of sport are ____

intangible

sport involves ____

emotions

Sport is generally ____ consumed

socially

Sport experiences are ____ and _____

inconsistent and unpredictable

sport is ___

perishable

Sport is ____ and ____

subjective and heterogeneous