REAL ACT FULL NOTES AND FLASHCARDS

Subject-Verb Agreement

The subject and verb must agree in number (singular/plural).

Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

A pronoun must agree with the noun it replaces in number and gender.

Misplaced Modifier

A modifier that is not placed next to the word it describes.

Dangling Modifier

A modifier that does not clearly refer to a specific word.

Parallel Structure

Items in a list or comparison must have the same grammatical form.

Comma Rule for Compound Sentences

Place a comma before a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) in a compound sentence.

Colon Usage

A colon introduces lists or explanations.

Semicolon Usage

A semicolon joins two complete sentences without a conjunction.

Dash Usage

A dash adds emphasis or extra info.

Apostrophes

Used for showing possession or to form contractions.

Commonly Confused Words: Than vs. Then

Than = comparison, Then = time.

Commonly Confused Words: Effect vs. Affect

Effect = noun, Affect = verb.

Commonly Confused Words: Who vs. Whom

Who = subject, Whom = object.

Wordiness

Concise writing is preferred; avoid redundancy.

Surface Area of a Sphere

SA=4πr², where r is the radius.

Volume of a Sphere

V=(4/3)πr³.

Volume of a Cylinder

V=πr²h, where r is the radius and h is the height.

Distance Formula

√((x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)²).

Zero Product Property

If the product of two factors equals zero, then at least one of the factors must also equal zero.

Law of Sines

A/Sin(A) = B/Sin(B) = C/Sin(C).

Law of Cosines

c² = a² + b² - 2ab · cos(C).

FANBOYS

For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So