Health Promotion, Physical Activity, and Nutrition Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards generated from chapters covering health education models, physical activity benefits, and nutritional guidelines.

Health Education

Any combination of planned experiences based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the opportunity to acquire the information and skills needed to make quality health decisions.

Health Literacy

The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

Health Belief Model

A paradigm used to predict and explain health behavior based on individual perceptions, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, risk factors, and perceived benefits and barriers.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

A stages-of-change framework proposing that behavior change progresses through five distinct stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Planning or Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Precontemplation Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model in which an individual is not thinking about or considering quitting or adopting a behavior change within the next 6 months.

Contemplation Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model in which a person is seriously considering making a specific behavior change within the next 6 months.

Planning Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model in which a person is making small or sporadic changes and seriously thinking about making a behavior change within the next month.

Action Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model in which an individual has actively engaged in a behavior change that has persisted for a period of 6 months.

Maintenance Stage

The stage in the Transtheoretical Model that begins 6 months after an action has started and continues indefinitely to sustain behavior change over time.

Social Marketing

A process utilizing marketing principles and techniques to influence priority audience behaviors to benefit society as well as the individual by offering benefits and reducing barriers.

Health Disparities

Systematic, potentially avoidable health differences that adversely affect socially disadvantaged groups linked historically to discrimination or marginalization.

Physical Activity

Bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that substantially increases energy expenditure.

Exercise

Planned, structured, and repetitive body movement performed specifically to improve physical fitness.

Aerobic Exercise

Physical activity using large muscle groups to improve the oxidative energy-producing system and cardiorespiratory status.

Anaerobic Exercise

High-intensity, short-duration activity that improves muscle strength, power, and reactivity.

Physical Fitness

The ability to perform physical activity without experiencing undue fatigue or injury.

Muscular Fitness

The strength and endurance of muscles that permit performing activities of daily living (ADLs) without injury.

Flexibility

Adequate muscle length and joint mobility that allow free and painless movement through a wide range of motion (ROM).

Resistance Training

Repetitive movement against a resistance designed to preserve lean body mass, increase muscle strength and endurance, and improve metabolic efficiency.

Relaxation Response (RR)

An inborn set of physiological changes that offset the fight-or-flight stress response by releasing physical, emotional, and mental tension.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Nutrient reference values developed by the Institute of Medicine in 1997 to optimize health in individuals and groups, replacing Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs).

MyPlate

A food guidance system created by the USDA that serves as a visual reminder to consumers about healthy eating using a familiar place setting.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The federal agency responsible for oversight of the safety of dietary supplements, drugs, and food products in the United States.

Meals on Wheels

A community nutrition and health-promotion program designed specifically to provide meals to elderly individuals who are homebound.

Congregate Nutrition Services Program

A state and federally supported nutrition program designed for elderly individuals who are able to travel to designated centers where meals are served.