Sociology Test

Auguste Comte

A French philosopher known as the father of sociology, who introduced the idea of positivism and believed in a systematic approach to social science.

Charles Horton Cooley

An American sociologist who developed the concept of the 'looking glass self,' explaining how self-image is formed from social interactions.

Harriet Martineau

A British social theorist who is regarded as one of the first female sociologists, known for her work in sociology and social reform.

Jane Addams

An American social reformer and activist who co-founded the Hull House, a significant social settlement in Chicago.

Herbert Spencer

A British philosopher known for applying the concept of evolution to societies, famously coining the phrase 'survival of the fittest.'

Robert Merton

An American sociologist who developed theories of the social structure and the concept of manifest and latent functions.

Emile Durkheim

A French sociologist who is considered the father of the field, known for his studies on social integration and collective conscience.

Karl Marx

A German philosopher and economist who analyzed the effects of capitalism and its role in social class struggles.

Max Weber

A German sociologist known for his theories on bureaucracy, authority, and the concept of 'Verstehen' (understanding).

Macrosociology

A branch of sociology that focuses on large-scale social processes and structures, such as institutions and populations.

Social inequality

The unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and privileges among different social groups.

Manifest function

The intended and recognized consequences of social processes or structures.

Social Science

The study of society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

Microsociology

A branch of sociology that focuses on individual or small group interactions and their meanings.

Sociological Imagination

The ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences.

Natural Science

A branch of science that deals with the physical world, including biology, chemistry, and physics.

Sociology

The systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships.

Nonverbal communication

Transmission of messages or information without the use of words, through body language, gestures, and facial expressions.

Theory

A set of propositions or principles that explain a phenomenon or a broad range of phenomena.

Science

The systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions.

Verstehen

A German term meaning 'understanding'; used in sociology to refer to comprehending social behavior from the actor's perspective.

Anomie

A state of normlessness or breakdown of social norms in a society, often leading to social instability.

Dysfunction

The negative consequences or disruptions of a social process or structure.

Applied Sociology

The use of sociological principles and methods to address and solve practical social problems.

Feminist view

A perspective in sociology that focuses on the social roles, experiences, and inequalities faced by women.

Basic Sociology

The foundational study of sociology that focuses on understanding social behaviors, institutions, and interactions.

Functionalist perspective

A sociological approach that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability.

Clinical Sociology

The application of sociological principles to understand and address social issues at the individual or community level.

Ideal type

A construct or model that serves as a standard against which real-world phenomena can be compared.

Conflict perspective

A sociological approach that views social behavior in terms of tension and conflict between groups over power and resources.

Interactionist perspective

A sociological approach that emphasizes the importance of social interactions and meanings in understanding behavior.

Dramaturgical approach

A view of social interactions as theatrical performances, where individuals manage their presentation to others.

Latent function

The unintended, hidden consequences of social processes or structures.

Quantitative Sociology

The use of statistical methods to study social phenomena and analyze social data.

Trouble

Personal problems affecting an individual that are perceived as a result of their individual circumstances.

Qualitative Sociology

The study of social phenomena through non-numerical data, focusing on meanings and experiences.

Issue

A social problem or concern that affects a large number of people in society.

Crisis

An urgent and critical situation that often requires significant change or action to resolve.

Indifference

A lack of interest, concern, or sympathy toward issues or people.

Marxist view

A perspective that analyzes social relations and issues primarily through the lens of class relations and economic power.