the self concept &The organization of the self-concept (2+3)

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48 Terms

1

self-concept

a cognitive representation of the entirity of our knowledge/beliefs about ourselves (everything a person claims as “me”)

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2

our self-concept includes our

personality traits, abilities, social roles, values, goals + desires, physical characteristics

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3

the self-concept is important bc

it shapes how we think abt the world, feel & behave

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4

associative network

knowledge organized as a network of concepts interconnected by links

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5

the self-concept functions as an

associative network of everything that makes you “you”

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6

unitary self-concept

implies a unitary, fixed, integrated idea abt the self, but usually not true (sometimes self-concepts contradict)

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7

working self-concept

the subset of self-knowkedge that is the current focus of awareness (in the moment)

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8

the contents of the working self-concept are determined by:

  1. situational activation

  2. spreading activation

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9

situational activation

situaitons activate diff self-knowledge + creates diff working self-concepts

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10

spreading activation

when a specific self-aspect is activated, other related ones are too (strongly linked ones activated more quickly)

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11

access to self-knowledge is determined by

  1. distinctive to situation

  2. relevance to the situation/activity

  3. frequency of activation (important self-aspects/often)

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12

situational activation (recency effect)

distinctiveness + relevance to the situation

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13

distinctiveness theory

a person’s unique/distinctive characteristics are more salient to them than cahracteristics they have in common w others bc its more valuable

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14

implications of working self-concept

  • malleable + highly dependent on context (diff versions of self)

  • non-central self-aspects can be in the WSC

  • allows for contradictory self-aspects to simultaneously exist

  • WSC influences how we behave

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15

elements common to theories abt the true self

  1. natural endowement

  2. feels authentic

  3. ppl naturally want to be their true self

  4. competes w external influences

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16

maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an ex of

natural endowment (we are all born with potential)

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17

natural endowment

we are born w a true self

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18

true self feels authentic

actions consistent to internal states (feelings, needs, desires) that are subjectively experienced as their own

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19

ppl naturally want to be true to themselves

leads to a satisfied life

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20

true self competes w external influences

why it’s hard to be true to yourself

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21

the true self is less a reality and more of

a guide + most important for making satisying decisions

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22

to make an important life decision ppl thought that aligning to their true self was most important but in reality it was equal to rational reasoning + future self

shows that ppl believe in a true self

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23

study to describe your true or actual self + rate difficulty

when ppl are less in touch w their true self, they are less satisfied with life choices

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24

problems w the idea of a true self

  1. natural endowment (not a provable idea that we are destined for one life path)

  2. self-concept is inaccurate

  3. true self = what is “good” (more abt social desirability - we feel most authentic when )

  4. authenticity + the Big 5 (authenitic when act in desirable ways + others are “true selves” when behaving morally)

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25

authenticity + the Big 5 study when do ppl feel most authentic

1st rated themselves on trait “big 5”

self-reported on:

  • “state” big 5: how they rate themselves on 5 traits in that moment

  • “state authenticity” how authentic they feel in that moment

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26

authenticity + big 5 results

ppl felt most authentic when they behaved extroverted, agreeable, conscientious, emotionally stable

not how that person initially rated their personality

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27

we act as our true self more when we act in our

desired reputation

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28

desired reputation

we feel our most true self when what is valued by society (ideals) + what distinctive role one’s own abilities and traits are best suited to (actual self)

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29

ex of acting in desired reuputation

society values being socially skillled —> one person wants to be funny another wants to be kind

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30

ppl’s self-concepts can vary in

  1. # of self-aspects

  2. how much the self-aspects are connected/distinct

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31

self-complexity

the structure + organization of your self-concept not the contents (by how many self-aspects you have and how different they are from each other)

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32

high self-complexity

many aspects that are distinct from each other

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33

low self-complexity

few aspects that are not that are highly overlapped each other

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34

implications of self-complexity

  1. affective spillover

  2. affective extremity for low self-complexity

  3. high self-complexity as a stress buffer

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35

affective spillover

the emotions we associate w one self-aspect, spill over to similar self-aspects

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36

affect extremity on low self-complexity

more extreme emotional reactions + impact on self-esteem bc fewer self-aspects to define self and they are more connected

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37

affect extremity on high self-complexity

more emotional stability in face of negative events and generally over time bc less spillover (not significant diff from facing failure or success)

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38

self-complexity as a stress buffer

experiencing less variation/extreme emotions from having high self-complexity was a stress buffer (diff ways of thinking abt themselves were less depressed, less phsyical illness)

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39

mixed evidence of stress buffering

  1. diff in well-being measure

  2. the # of self-aspects matters more than how diff they are

  3. if the integration of self-aspects is coherent

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40

self-concept clarity (SCC)

the extent to which the contents of self-concept are clearly defined, consistent w each other, stable

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41

low SCC

can feel very depressed and spending time alone, but can also feel extroverted and happy —> in diff contexts see urself how your self-aspects fit together

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42

can have low self-complexity + high Self-Concept Clarity

bc less self-aspects so you have clarity on who you are

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43

high self-complexity is best with

high self-concept clarity

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44

self-complexity vs self-concept clarity

SCC is unrelated to self-complecity

(bc you could have high c

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45

high SCC in times of acute/intense stress

helps facilitate more adaptive responses (use your clear sense of who you are as a grounding force in a time of uncertainty)

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46

age influence on SCC

SCC gets clearer with age until 60, it starts to dip down bc big social role shifts

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47

factors that influence SCC

age, changes to social roles (academic/job/relationships/hobbies)

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48

study on SCC + positivity

SCC is stable if their Self-concept has changed AND they are positive abt the change

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