CETP Exam Prep

Primary motor innveration to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?

Cranial nerve X (Vagus)

Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English (SAE) dialect used in her classroom. Her teacher believes that Fela's language skills are affecting her academic performance and has referred her to the school's speech-language pathologist. Which of the following is an appropriate rationale for providing language intervention for Fela?

Select all that apply.

A.It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse peers.

B.It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult speakers of SAE.

C.It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.

D.It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect.

A, B, C

This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables known to inform listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0 declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young, healthy women were audio-recorded while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered normal loudness, twice-normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Results showed that there was a statistically significant increase of F0 declination, brought about by a higher resetting of F0 at the beginning of a sentence and an increase of final-word lengthening from the half-normal loudness condition to the twice-normal loudness condition. These results suggest that when some persons with dysarthria increase loudness, variables related to prosody may change, which in turn contributes to improvement in communicative effectiveness. However, until this procedure is tested with individuals who have dysarthria, it is uncertain whether a similar effect would be observed.

Which of the following represent(s) the independent variable or variables used in the Watson and Hughes study?

A. Prosody of dysarthric speech

B. F0 declination and final-word lengthening

C. Vocal loudness

D. Speech intelligibility and communicative effectiveness

C. Vocal loudness

A client exhibits weakness, atrophy, and fasciculation's of the right side of the tongue and lower face. The client also has right vocal-fold weakness and nasal regurgitation of fluid when swallowing. These problems are the result of damage to which part of the nervous system?

A. Brain stem

B. Cerebellum

C. Left cerebral cortex

D. Right cerebral cortex

A. Brain stem

- Weakness, atrophy, fasciculation's, and the other described symptoms are all consistent with lower motor neurone locus and suspected cranial nerve abnormalities, which emerge directly from the brainstem.

Hearing loss in infants who are born with a cleft palate is usually related to which of the following?

A. The infant's ability to create positive pressure in the oral cavity

B. Malformation of the middle-ear ossicles associated with malformation of the palate

C. Eustachian tube dysfunction

D. Cochlear dysfunction

C. Eustachian tube dysfunction

- Eustachian tube dysfunction, a major factor contributing to middle-ear disease and conductive hearing loss, is nearly universal in infants with cleft palate

Which of the following is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes between an unreleased final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in cap versus cab?

A. Locus frequency of burst

B. Voice onset time

C. Vocal fundamental frequency

D. Duration of the preceding vowel

D. Duration of the preceding vowel

- vowel duration influences a listener's perception of voicing

- vowels that precede unreleased voiced stop consonants are as much as 1.5x as long as vowels that precede voiceless stops

Language intervention for a child at the one-word stage should be most strongly influenced by a consideration of the child's

A. motor skills

B. cognitive skills

C. syntactic skills

D. articulation skills

B. cognitive skills

- the cognitive skills at the one-word stage will most strongly influence the child's speech-language responses

A single exposure of several hours duration to continuous music with an overall level of 100 dB SPL will most likely produce

A.tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies

B.tinnitus and a distortion of speech perception

C.a temporary threshold shift in the low frequencies

D.a permanent threshold shift

A. tinnitus and a temporary threshold shift in high frequencies

After sustaining a CVA, Ms. Williams, age 75, was referred to an SLP for a speech and language evaluation. While Ms. Williams was describing the cookie-theft picture, the SLP observed that her grammatical structure appeared to be intact and her prosody was normal but that many of her sentences were meaningless, did not fit the context, and included nonsensical paraphasic errors. Additional testing also revealed that Ms. Williams exhibited poor repetition and naming skills, did not respond appropriately to many simple commands, and had difficulty reading. Ms. Williams appeared happy and talked excessively. She did not appear to be aware of her communication deficits. What is the most likely location of the lesion?

A.Left posterior superior temporal gyrus

B.Left inferior frontal gyrus

C.Left superior frontal gyrus

D.Left inferior parietal gyrus

A. Left posterior superior temporal gyrus

An SLP who is treating an adolescent who stutters designs a treatment plan that includes three fluency management strategies: prolonged speech, cancellation, and pullout.

Which of the following is true about the use of these treatment strategies?

Select all that apply.

A.Use of prolonged speech is likely to reduce the frequency of part-word repetitions and sound prolongations significantly.

B.Each of the three strategies entails deliberate regulation of speech motor movements.

C.The client will seek to apply cancellation whenever he feels anxious about the possibility of stuttering overtly.

D.The client will seek to apply pullout during the course of part-word repetition or sound prolongation.

A, B, D

A 12-year-old native speaker of Spanish who has been studying English as a second language for three years is most likely to do which of the following when speaking English in casual conversation with teachers at school?

A. Use the auxiliary "have" in place of "be" in progressive tenses

B. Use incorrect word order with prepositional phrases

C. Use conjunctions in place of prepositions

D. Use multiple negation improperly

D. Use multiple negation improperly

- Multiple negation is a grammatical feature of Spanish but not English

A prospective client is described as a man in his forties who is under chronic stress. He uses his voice extensively in daily life, has a hard-driving personality, and exhibits glottal fry. The client has the classic profile of a person at high risk for

A. spastic dysphonia

B. acute laryngitis

C. vocal nodules

D. contact ulcers

D. contact ulcers

Which of the following is an accurate statement about whispered speech?

A. it is produced by approximating the arytenoid cartilages so that their medial surfaces are in direct contact

B. it is composed largely of aperiodic sounds

C. spectrographic analysis of it reveals no discernible formants for the vowels

D. most people can produce longer utterances per breath using it than they can using conventional phonation

B. it is composed largely of aperiodic sounds

- whispered speech is composed largely of aperiodic sounds, as the vocal folds do not vibrate while whispering is taking place

Which of the following will most effectively control the problem of over referral in school screening programs that use impedance/immittance measurements?

A. obtaining the measurements in a professional sound-insulated room

B. including 500Hz in the audiometric screening procedure

C. retesting immediately those who did not pass the first screening

D. waiting 3-5 weeks to retest those who did not pass the first screening

D. waiting 3-5 weeks to retest those who did not pass the first screening

- some children may have a temporary problem due to a cold or ear infection, which may resolve in a few weeks

Six months ago, an SLP evaluated 4-year-old Molly's speech fluency during conversation. At that time, she displayed physically relaxed repetitions of words and phrases (occurring at a frequency of 2 per 100 words), and interjections such as "um" (occurring at a frequency of 1 per 100 words). She did not display any sound prolongations or facial grimaces; she did not produce any pitch rises or phonatory breaks; and she did not appear to avoid any sounds or words. Results from several formal tests suggested that her articulation and language development were within normal limits. Molly reportedly began producing repetitions and interjections at age 24 months, and the frequency of these disfluency types reportedly has remained stable since then. The SLP did not recommend speech-language intervention following the previous evaluation; however, she did provide the parents with information about fluency development, symptoms of stuttering, and general suggestions for how to facilitate children's fluency. A reevaluation is scheduled for next week. Which of the following is most appropriate for the SLP to do if Molly's speech fluency has remained the same since the previous evaluation?

A.Recommend that Molly immediately begin fluency therapy, in which the focus is on reducing the frequency of repetitions and interjections in her conversational speech

B.Recommend that Molly be released from the SLP's active caseload

C.Recommend that Molly be referred for psychological counseling, with a focus on on helping Molly improve speech fluency by learning how to manage anxiety more effectively

D.Recommend monthly evaluations of Molly's speech fluency until she is five years old

B. recommend that Molly be released from the SLPs active caseload

- Molly's fluency development was within normal limits at the previous evaluation, and based on the parents report, it also seemed to be within normal limits at age 2.