Reptiles CSN 112

There are ___ species in the reptile category, and there are 4 orders : ___,___,___,___

6500, sphenodontia, crocodillia, chelonia, squamata

Sphenodontia order consists of ___

rhychocephalia

Reptiles generally have ___ chamber except for the order ___

3, crocodilia

Reptile’s respiratory tract do not have ___ except in ___

diaphragm,crocodilia

Reptiles have a ___ portal system

renal

Reptiles have a ___ unlike mammals and these consists of three parts: ___,___,___

cloaca, coprodeum, urodeum, protodeum

In reptiles their nephrons don’t have ___ of ___ so they don’t ___ the urine

loops of Henle, concentrate

___, ___ have bladders and this is where urine ___ occurs, but ___ and ___ don’t have bladders

lizards, chelonia, alteration, snakes, crocodilia

Reptiles can be ___ or ___ when giving birth

oviparaous, ovoviviparous

Reptiles shed also called ___, either their ___ or ___

ecdysis, scales, plates

Reptiles are ___, which means they get heat externally, and they have ___, which is the zone of temperature their organs are most efficient

ectothermic, PBT

The only species in the sphenodontia order is the ___

tuatara

The tuatara have ___ teeth meaning their teeth are attached to the jaw, and have 1 ___ row, and 2 ___ rows

acrodont, mandibular, maxillary

tuataras have ___ eyes that connect to the ___ gland which helps them with their crepulscular cycle

parietal, pineal

Tuatara do not have a ___ membrane; they have ___ aka abdominal “ribs” but don’t attach to the ___. The ribs have an ___ process similar to birds

tympanic, gastralia, spine, uncinate

The crocodilia order consists of ___, ___, ___, ___ and ___

alligators, crocodiles, caimans, gharials, false gharials

Crocodilia are _-__, meaning they can put their legs beneath them and can crawl

semi-erect

Crocodilia can open their mouth underwater due to their ___ ___, which blocks their nasal passages

secondary palate

Crocodilia do not have a ___ similar to snakes so they release their urate as they are made

urates

Crocodilia have ___ chambers in their hearts and have an interlocking ___ valve that stops flow to the ___, and they have a structure called the ___ of ___, which shunts blood and sends rich in CO2 blood into the stomach, creating an extremely acidic stomach acid

4, pulmonic valve, lungs, foramen of Panizza

Crocodilia have ___ chambered stomach

2

Crocodilia’s first stomach has ___ to grind up materials

gastroliths

Crocodilia’s second stomach is ___ from the CO2 from the lungs

acidic

Crocodilia have ___ pressure receptors that are used to sense vibrations in crocodiles they’re present in the ___ and ___ but in alligators and caimen they’re present in the ___

dermal, jaws, scales, jaw

The skin of crocodilia are ___ theirs specifically are ___ meaning they have bone plating under the scales

scales, osteoderms

Alligator’s snout is ___ and ___

wide, short

Crocodile’s snout is ___ and ___

narrow and longer

Crocodilia have ___ teeth meaning their teeth are set in sockets and their teeth can be ___, and they are also ___ on the inside

thecondont, replaced, hollow

Alligators fourth lower tooth is in its ___

pit

Crocodiles fourth lower tooth is ___

external

Crocodiles have ___ rear limbs while alligators do not

fringed

Chelonia includes 3 orders ___,___,___

tortoises, turtles, terrapins

The dorsal portion of the shell is called the ___

carapace

The ventral portion of the shell is called the ___

plastron

The fusion of the carapace and plastron is called the ___

bridges

The plates of a shell is called a ___

scute

The scutes of plastron, ___,___,___,___,___,___,___

Intergular, gular, pectoral, abdominal, femoral, anal

Scutes of carapace ___,___,___,___

nuchal, vertebral, pleural, marginals

The shell inner layer is made of ___ bones, and it incorporates the ___ and ___

60, spine, ribs

The heart in chelonia has ___ chambers. The deoxygenated blood flows through the ___ atrium, the ___ and ___. The oxygenated blood flows through the ___ atrium, the ___, and ___ arches

3, right, ventricle, lungs, left, ventricles, aortic

The shell of a chelonia prevents repiratory ___

expansion

The head and limbs when in motion changes the ___ inside

pressure

Chelonia have external nares, and can’t breathe from their ___

mouth

in a chelonia the glottis is found at the ___ of the tongue

base

In a chelonia the lungs are ___

dorsal

The beak of the chelonia is carnivores is ___ like, and in herbivores is ___

knife, serrated

The stomach in a chelonia is ___

transverse

The small intestine in a chelonia is ___

short

The colon ends at the ___ in chelonia

cloaca

Chelonian’s bladder is ___ walled

thin

Chelonia are gender ___. In males the plastrons are ___ caudally, and have longer ___ scutes in some cases, and the tail is ___ and ___ ; the cloaca is also more ___

dimorphic, concave, gular, longer, thicker, distal

Squamata consists of 2 orders ___ and ___

lizards, snakes

Lizards have the ability to drop their tail called ___

autotomy

There are two types of diets for lizards ___,___

herbivorus, carvnivorus

Many types of lizards are ___ meaning they are able to inject or secrete a certain substance to prey or their predators

venomous

Lizards are able to reproduce through ___ which is a type of asexual reproduction

parthenogenesis

There are two types of parturition in lizards ___, ___

oviparous, viviparous

A lizards skeletal system is ___ and they can put weight on their limbs, and some can walk on two and some on water

erect

lizards are able to to shed also called ___ it can be in pieces or in one piece

ecdysis

Lizards like chameleons are able to change their color through cells called the ___

chromatophones

Gecko’s feet have hair called ___ that allow them to climb walls

setae

lizards have ___ and in chameleons it is fused

eyelids

Lizards also have a “3rd" eye called the ___ eye, which is connected to the ___ gland and regulates circadian rhythmn

parietal, pineal

Lizards do not have ___ but they have a tympanic membrane and a bone called the ___ in the middle cavity. Specifically in chameleon the ___ membrance can’t be seen

pinna, columella, tympanic

Lizards have a ___ abdominal vein, and a ___ tail vein

ventral, ventral

Lizards don’t have a ___ except for tegu lizards that have a ___

diaphragm, protodiaphragm

Lizard’s axial muscles are used for ___ expansion

rib

Lizards’ teeth are ___, meaning they have a bone shelf, no pockets or sockets like other reptiles

plurodont

like snakes lizards also have a ___ organ used for smell also called the vomeronasal organ

jacobson’s

herbivorous lizards use their ___ to ferment

cecum

A lizard’s ureters empties into the ___ then into the bladder that is thin walled, and an ___ of the cloaca, and collects urine overflow

cloaca, outpouching

Male lizards have ___ and females have an ___ but no uterus

hemipenes, oviduct

lizards tend to be sexually ___

dimorphic

In order to determine a lizard’s gender use things like ___, ___, ___ pores, ___ pores

crests, dewlaps, femoral, preanal

Snakes are all ___ meaning that they can only eat meat

carnivorous

The skull of snakes are ___ meaning it can move due to their ___ ligaments, ___ ___, and the mandible not being ___. They have a bone called the ___

kinetic, elastic, caudal joint, fused, quadrate

Snakes can have up to ___-___ vertebrae, but there isn’t ribs passed the ___, and they don’t have a ___

150-400, cloaca, sternum

There are four types of snake locomation: ___, ___, ___, ___

serpentine, rectilinear, sidewinding, concertina

The most common snake locomation is the ___

serpentine

heavy snakes tend to move via ___ locomotion

rectilinear

sideways loops motion is called ___ in snakes

sidewinding

___ is for snakes who climb trees

concertina

Snakes shed or ___ in ___ piece

ecdysis, one

There are many scales like ___, ___, ___

spectacle, dorsal, ventral

In some species of snakes the tail ___

rattles

There are two types of snake scales ___ and ___

smooth, keeled

A snakes eye spectable is kept moist with its ___

tears

A snake has ___ pits that can sense up to 0.001 C

infrared

Snakes do not have a ___ membrane but they have a ___ used in hearing

tympanic, columella

snakes smell using their ___ and ___ organ

tongue, jacobson’s

A snakes cardiovascular system is ___

movable

Snakes don’t have a ___ and their left lung is ___, and the right lung is ___ and used for ___ ___ exchange using the ___ air sac

diaphragm, vestigial, elongated, cranial gas, caudal

Snakes have ___ teeth, meaning they are attached to the bone. Their teeth are also ___, meaning they can be replaced

acrodont, polyphydont

In some cases, if a snake is stressed, they can ___ their meal because they have a long ___

regurgitate, stomach

Snakes have a short ___ tract

intestinal

The kidney of a snake is found ___ ___ . They don’t have a ___

right cranially, bladder

A snakes gonads are found in the ___ ___ aspect

right cranial

Like lizards, male snakes have ___

hemipenes

Female snakes can either be ___ or ___

viviparous, oviparous

A male snake has a ___ and ___ tail, and ___

thick, long, hemipenes