Biology Unit 3 Topic 4: Cellular Energy

atp

molecule that organisms use as source of energy to perform work

• by coupling exergonic and endergonic reactions

kinetic energy

energy associated w/ motion

potential energy

stored energy

free energy

determines the likelihood of reactions in organisms

• find the amt of energy available to do work

exergonic reaction

chemical reactions that release energy

endergonic reaction

chemical reactions that absorb energy

catabolic pathway

metabolic pathways that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler compounds

anabolic pathways

metabolic pathways that consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler compounds

entropy

measure of disorder or dispersal of energy and matter in a system

energy

the ability to do work

• organisms need to survive and function

activation energy

smallest amt. of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

laws of thermodynamics

study of energy transformations in matter and applies to the universe

1st law of thermodynamics

energy cannot be created or destroyed

2nd law of thermodynamics

energy can only be transferred or transformed

how does the structure of atp allow for the molecule to store and release energy

• breaking of the bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate in atp → organisms obtain energy

• released when released phosphate group moves to another molecule to give energy

how do enzymes affect activation energy

by lowering it

create a flow chart that traces the flow of energy through your body

what products increase entropy of you and your surroundings

• solid or liquid reactants form gaseous products

• solid reactants form liquid products