nuclear chemistry edgu ver

alpha particle

a helium nucleus that is emitted from a radioactive atom.

beta particle

a high speed electron that is emitted from a radioactive atom. Neutron is transformed into a proton

gamma particle

a high-energy photon (particle of light) that is emitted from a radioactive nucleus. They have zero mass

What stops alpha?

paper

nuclear radiation

the emission of alpha particles

mass number

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

atomic number

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

isotope

Atoms that have the same number of protons (and are therefore the same element) but different numbers of neutrons.

radioisotope

an atom that emits alpha particles

stable isotope

an "ordinary" element: does not break down and does not emit particles or rays.

Using the periodic table and your knowledge of nuclear chemistry terminology

give the symbol for lead-212

fission

breaking a large nucleus into smaller nuclei.

This is what releases the energy in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs.

What subatomic particle causes the nuclear chain reaction in nuclear reactors and atomic bombs?

The neutron

fusion

Smashing smaller nuclei together to form larger nuclei. This releases even more energy than nuclear fission.

Name one thing you can do change the rate of nuclear decay in a radioactive isotope.

You can't. The rate of radioactive decay is not changed by any factors that usually affect chemical reactions

How are nuclear chain reaction rates controlled in a nuclear reactor?

Neutrons are absorbed or slowed down by graphite control rods and water surrounding the uranium in the reactor.

Write out the equation that represents carbon-14 undergoing beta decay.

Write out the equation that represents radium-222 undergoing alpha decay.

Radioactive half-life

is the time for half the radioactive nuclei in any sample to undergo radioactive decay.

Every living organism on Earth contains a small

consistent

This isotope is used to estimate the age of living things years after they die. What is this dating technique called?

carbon dating.

What stops beta radiation?

metal

What stops gamma radiation?

lead or concrete

What element is formed when the radioisotope Hydrogen-3 undergoes beta decay? Give atomic number and mass

Helium-3

What element is formed when the radioisotope Uranium-235 undergoes beta decay? Give atomic number and mass

Neptunium-235

What element is formed when the radioisotope Iron-60 undergoes alpha decay? Give atomic number and mass

Chromium-56

What element if formed when the radioisotope Thorium-242 undergoes alpha decay? Give atomic number and mass

Radium-238

Calculate the neutron-to-proton ratio for the isotope Carbon-14

8 to 6

Calculate the neutron-to-proton ratio for the isotope sulfur-34

18 to 16

Calculate the neutron-to-proton ratio for the isotope Radon-222

136 to 86

What products are formed when Thorium-234 undergoes alpha decay

Radium-230

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of the radioisotope polonium-210

lead-206

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of the radioisotope uranium-234

thorium-230

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of the radioisotope radon-222

Polonium-218

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the alpha decay of the radioisotope Thorium-230

Radium-226

What are the products of the fusion of two hydrogen-1 atoms?

Helium-2

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of the radioisotope Pascalium-235

Uranium-235

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of the radioisotope Iron-60

Cobalt-60

Write the balanced nuclear equation for the beta decay of the radioisotope Thorium-234

Pascalium-234

Complete the nuclear equation…..
38/19K = _ + 0/-1 B

38/20 Ca

Complete the nuclear equation…..
142/61 Pm + 0/-1 e = _

142/62 Sm

If the half life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. Today you have 200 g of carbon-14

how much carbon-14 do you have in 17

If the half life of uranium-235 is 703.8 million years. Today you have 200 g of uranium-235

how much uranium do you have in 1.408 billion years?

The largest natural element. Fuel for fission reactors

uranium (several isotopes)

chain reaction

when one fission causes another and another

type of radioactive reaction found in the sun

fusion

type of nuclear reaction found in nuclear power plants

fission

What type of decay occurs when Pascalium-234 turns to uranium-234?

beta decay

What type of decay occurs polonium-214 decays to lead-210?

alpha decay

What type of decay occurs between polonium-210 to polonium-210?

gamma decay