Honors Bio: Photosynthesis Test

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heterotrophs

heterotrophs

an animal who eats other organism

autotroph

something that makes its own food

stroma

nutrient rich liquid in chlorplast

granum

stack of thylakoids

thylakoid

internal membrane structures

where do light reactions occur?

in the thylakoid

where does the calvin cycle occur?

in the stroma

photosynthesis equation

6CO2+ 6H2O (in the presence of sunlight)= C6H12O6+ 6O2

step 1 of light reactions

sun energy in photosystem II is transferred to chlorophyll

step 2 of light reactions

energy from other chlorophyll bumps out an excited electron from the middle chlorophyll

step 3 of light reactions

water is split into 2H+ and O, the electron is sent to replace the previous one that was bumped out of the chlorophyll

step 4 of light reactions

electron is passed through an electron transport chain which pumps hydrogen ions across cell membrane

step 5 of light reactions

light energy excites chlorophyll in photosystem and another excited electron is bumped out of middle chlorophyll. Chlorophyll's electron is replaced by previous electron from P680.

reduction reaction

gaining hydrogen

oxidation reaction

loss of hydrogen

step 6 of light reactions

excited electrons are passed onto NADP+ and H+, a reduction reaction happens and it becomes NADPH.

step 7 of light reactions

H+ ions diffuse across the membrane into the enzyme ATP synthase

step 8 of light reactions

ATP and NADPH move from the thylakoid membrane into the stroma

step 1 of calvin cycle

enzyme rubisco combines CO2 and RuBP to make an unstable 6 carbon sugar intp 6 3-PGA

step 2 of calvin cycle

6 NADPH releases electrons and a hydrogen (NADP+) and 6 ATP releases energy (ADP + P) to each 6 3-PGA, forming 6 G3P

step 3 of calvin cycle

five of the G3P is being reused in the cycle, one of the G3P is pushed aside to make glucose

step 4 of calvin cycle

a series of reactions that use 3 ATP from light reactions from the light reactions convert the 5 G3P into 3 RuBP to be used to restart the cycle

rubisco

enzyme that combines CO2 and RuBP together

excited electron

an electron that gets added energy to it