INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence

One’s mental/cognitive ability to reason and learn from experience

Affected by stimuli in the environment and hereditary factors

Psychometric Definition of Intelligence

The general mental ability to reason, plan, problem-solve, think quickly, and learn from experience

Information Processing Model of intelligence

E.I.Q: Emotions + Environment

According to Anna Anastasi, what is a psychological test?

An objective, standardized measure of a sample of behavior.

What are the five components of a psychological test?

Comparability, Objectivity, Interpretation, Sameness, Standardization.

Achievement Test

Measures what was learned in school and the curriculum.

What is the purpose of an Aptitude Test?

To predict future behavior in school or work.

What is measured by an Attitude Test?

A person's belief or opinion about a subject.

Interest/Inventory Test

Tests a person's interests in career or decision-making.

What do Personality Tests evaluate?

Emotions and cognitive ability.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Content Validity

How well the test COVERS what it is testing

Ex: A biology final that does not cover the cell lifecycle has LOW content validity

Validity of IQ

Only predicts a SAMPLE of what you know

Who proposed the Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence?

Charles Spearman.

What are the two factors in Spearman's theory?

G Factor (Mental Energy)
S Factor (Specific Abilities).

Seven Primary Mental Abilities by LL Thurstone

1. Visual/Spatial: Visualizing forms & spacial relationships

2. Perceptual Speed: Grasping perceptual details RAPIDLY, perceiving similarities/differences between stimulus

3. Numerical Ability: Computing numbers

4. Verbal Meaning: Knowing the meaning of words

5. Memory: Recalling information

6. Word Fluency: Thinking of words QUICKLY

7. Deductive/Inductive Reasoning: Deriving examples from rules/vice versa

What are the two types of intelligence according to Cattell and Horn?

Fluid Intelligence (GF) and Crystallized Intelligence (GC).

Fluid Intelligence

Innate reasoning abilities that DECREASE after age 20.

Crystallized Intelligence

The store of knowledge/skills gained through education/experience that INCREASES over a lifespan.

Three types of intelligence in Sternberg's Information Processing Model

1. Analytical Intelligence

2. Creative Intelligence

3. Practical Intelligence
   
   Based upon knowledge, processing skills, and the ability to develop expertise

Intelligence according to Layman (non-experts)

1. Practical Problem-Solving Skills

2. Verbal Ability

3. Interpersonal Skills ← Experts changed to INTRApersonal skills

4. Motivation ← Experts added

Multiple Intelligence - Gardner

8 different kinds of intelligence that individuals vary in

Reliability

How CONSISTENT a test’s results are

• Creates reproducible results