Working of Institutions.docx

What are Political Institutions?

Political institutions are established entities within a government framework that play specific roles in organizing society, creating laws, and ensuring order and governance.

Can you give examples of Political Institutions?

Examples include the Parliament, the President, the Prime Minister, and the Judiciary, each serving unique functions in the political system.

Why are Political Institutions necessary?

They are essential for maintaining societal order, delivering public services, resolving disputes, and providing representation for the populace.

What functions do Political Institutions perform?

They enforce laws to prevent chaos, provide essential services like education and healthcare, and address the concerns of citizens.

What is the significance of Parliament?

Parliament is crucial as it is responsible for making laws, representing the citizens' interests, overseeing government functions, and serving as a platform for public discussion and debate.

What is the Lok Sabha?

The Lok Sabha, or House of the People, is a key legislative body directly elected by the citizens and holds significant power in the Indian political system.

How is the Rajya Sabha different from the Lok Sabha?

The Rajya Sabha, or Council of States, represents the states of India and is indirectly elected, providing a balance of representation against the directly elected Lok Sabha.

Why is the Lok Sabha considered more powerful than the Rajya Sabha?

The Lok Sabha holds more authority as money bills must originate there, and it alone has the power to introduce no-confidence motions against the government.

Who are Political Executives?

Political Executives are elected officials like the Prime Minister and Ministers who are responsible for decision-making and are held accountable to the electorate.

What are Permanent Executives?

Permanent Executives are career bureaucrats who implement government policies and remain in their positions regardless of changes in elected officials.

What is the role of the Prime Minister?

The Prime Minister is the head of government, leading the ruling party, appointing ministers, and guiding national policies.

What constitutes the Council of Ministers?

The Council of Ministers comprises the Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State with Independent Charge, and other Ministers, collaborating to govern the country.

What powers does the Prime Minister hold?

The Prime Minister appoints ministers, leads Cabinet meetings, shapes national policy, represents India internationally, and can dissolve the Lok Sabha.

What is the ceremonial role of the President?

The President serves as the ceremonial head of state, representing the nation and performing state functions but does not engage in daily governance.

What does Assent to Bills mean in the context of the President's role?

Assent to Bills refers to the mandatory approval the President must provide for legislation passed by Parliament, enabling laws to take effect.

What is the role of the President as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces?

As Supreme Commander, the President holds a ceremonial but significant position overseeing the military forces of the nation.

What is Judicial Review?

Judicial Review is the power of the Supreme Court to evaluate the constitutionality of laws enacted by the legislature and can nullify those that violate the Constitution.

What is the function of the Supreme Court in India?

The Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority, safeguarding fundamental rights, interpreting the Constitution, and resolving disputes under its jurisdiction.

What does the High Court do?

The High Court operates at the state level, hearing appeals from lower courts and addressing significant legal questions.

Who is the Chief Justice of India?

The Chief Justice of India is the head of the Supreme Court, responsible for judicial appointments and ensuring the court's functioning.

How are Supreme Court Judges appointed?

Supreme Court Judges are appointed by the President based on the advice of the Chief Justice and serve until the age of 65, ensuring judicial independence.

What does Independence of the Judiciary mean?

Independence of the Judiciary signifies that the Judiciary operates free from influence of the executive and legislative branches, safeguarding justice.

What is the ceremonial role of the President in political functions?

The President primarily performs representational duties and state functions, maintaining a non-governing authority in political matters.

How does Accountability in Politics function?

Accountability in Politics ensures that political executives are responsible to the public, contrasting with the more stable and less accountable permanent executives.

What happens in Cabinet Meetings?

During Cabinet Meetings, the Prime Minister presides over discussions among Ministers, deliberating on key government policies and decisions.

Why is Public Representation important in Political Institutions?

Public Representation ensures that the concerns and opinions of citizens are heard and acted upon within the political system.

How do Political Institutions facilitate Conflict Resolution?

Political Institutions provide structured mechanisms for fair and just resolution of disputes among individuals and groups in society.

What is the Legislative Function of Parliament?

The Legislative Function allows Parliament to create, amend, and repeal laws necessary for effective governance and social order.

How does Parliamentary Oversight work?

Parliamentary Oversight is the process by which Parliament monitors and reviews government actions, ensuring accountability and transparency.

What is the difference between Direct and Indirect Elections?

In Direct Elections, voters choose representatives like those in the Lok Sabha, while in Indirect Elections, representatives are selected through an electoral college, as seen in the Rajya Sabha.

What is the Role of Bureaucracy in governance?

Bureaucracy, composed of Permanent Executives, is essential in implementing policies and ensuring the smooth functioning of government operations.

What is the Chief Justice's Role in the Supreme Court?

The Chief Justice leads the Supreme Court, making key judicial appointments and steering the court's functions.

What does the Dissolution of Lok Sabha entail?

The Dissolution of Lok Sabha is a process that allows the Prime Minister to end the current session of Parliament, leading to new elections.