Influence of protein modifications on bacterial gene expression

What is ADP-ribolysation?

Process of transfering ADP-ribose from NAD+ to target proteins, affecting their function and gene expression.

Which enzyme transfers ADP-ribose in ADP-ribolysation?

ADP-ribosyl transferases (ARTs)

What is RNAylation?

A post-translational modification where NAD-RNA is covalently attached to proteins

Who uses RNAylation?

Phage T4

What is sigma-H-factor?

Heat shock response transcription factor

What is abbreviated under SRP?

Signal recognition particle

What is a normal function of SRP?

It’s responsible for co-translational translocation of membrane proteins

What does SRP consist of?

Ffh-protein and 4.5s RNA

What is FtsH?

FtsH is a membrane-bound protease that pis responsible for sigma-H degradation

What is IbpA?

A heat shock chaperone protein that binds to rpoH-mRNA, blocking its translation

What are DnaK/J and GroEL/ES?

Heat shock chaperone proteins that trigger sigma-H degradation by FtsH

What is sigma-F?

Sigma factor that controls transcription of flagellin and all chemotaxis functions

What is flagellin?

A key protein that forms the filament of bacterial flagella, essential for motility and chemotaxis

What is Flg-M?

Anti-sigma-factor that inhibits sigma-F activity, preventing the expression of flagellar genes and maintaining proper cell motility.

What sigma-E?

Sigma factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in the cell membrane stress response

What is RseAP?

Trans-membrane protein that blocks the activity of sigma-E

What is SpoIIAB?

Anti-sigma-factor that binds to sigma-F in the forespore of gram+ bacteria

What is the function of SpoIIA?

It recruits SpoIIAB, freeing sigma-F to activate genes necessary for forespore development

What are SpoIIR and SpoIIA?

Proteins in the forespore and mother cell (respectively), which sense the freeing of the sigma-F

What is abbreviated under TCS?

Two component system

What is a two component system?

A signaling mechanism used by bacteria to respond to environmental changes, consisting of a sensory histidine kinase and a response regulator

What is OmpR?

Osmolarity response regulator in the osmotic two component system

What needs to happen to OmpR for it to bind to an operator?

Phosphorylation

What is abbreviated under Pup?

Procaryotic ubiquitin-like protein

Where does Pup attach?

To the lysin side chain of the substrate

What is a function of Pup?

It targets proteins for degradation by a proteasome