Microbial Metabolism - Chapter 7 EXAM2

Flashcards about Microbial Metabolism

What is the main goal of metabolism

The process of producing energy in the form of ATP.

What does 'OIL RIG' stand for in redox reactions

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (of electrons/H+).

What do NAD+ and FAD do in metabolism

Act as electron shuttles in redox reactions.

What is substrate-level phosphorylation

An enzyme directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

What is oxidative phosphorylation

ATP is generated using the ETC and chemiosmosis from NADH and FADH2.

Where does glycolysis occur?

Occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells.

Is oxygen required for glycolysis

no, it’s an anaerobic process.

What are the end products of glycolysis?

2 ATP (net), 2 NADH, and pyruvate.

How many NADH are produced in the transition step per glucose?

Produces 2 NADH.

What are the energy products of the Krebs cycle?

2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

Where is the ETC located in prokaryotes?

In the plasma membrane.

Where is the ETC located in eukaryotes?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

How many ATP are made from each NADH in the ETC

3 ATP.

How many ATP are made from each FADH2 in the ETC?

2 ATP.

What is the total ATP yield in prokaryotic aerobic respiration?

38 ATP.

What is the total ATP yield in eukaryotic aerobic respiration?

36 ATP (due to pyruvate transport cost).

What are some alternate final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration?

Nitrate, sulfate, CO2, Fe3+.

What is the total ATP yield in fermentation?

2 ATP.

What are the main products of fermentation

Lactic acid or ethanol.

Do human cells undergo anaerobic respiration

No, only fermentation when O2 is low.