Biological Science Eighth Edition Chapter 7b Inside the Cell – Protein Sorting

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to protein sorting and intracellular processes in cells.

Signal Sequence

Specific amino acid sequences found only in proteins that are transported from the cytoplasm, serving as a 'zip code' to indicate the protein's destination.

Post-translational Transport

The process where proteins are completely synthesized on free ribosomes and are transported to their destination after synthesis has finished.

Co-translational Transport

The process where ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and proteins are transported into the ER while still being synthesized.

Nuclear Pore Complex

Serves as a gate to control passage through the nuclear envelope, allowing proteins, nucleotides, and mRNA to enter or exit the nucleus.

Chaperone Proteins

Proteins that assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins and keep them unfolded during transport into mitochondria and chloroplasts.

ER Import Signal Sequence

A specific sequence that directs proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum during their synthesis.

Dynamic Cytoskeleton

A network within the cell that helps maintain its shape and facilitates cellular movement and transport.

Intracellular Sorting

The process by which proteins are directed to their appropriate destinations within the cell.

Nuclear Localization Sequence

A specific amino acid sequence that directs the transport of proteins into the nucleus.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins; can be free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.