Earth's Surface Lesson 2 Erosion and Deposition by Wind, Ice, and Gravity 2024

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29 Terms

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Abrasion

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind . EX: sandblasting

<p>The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind . EX: sandblasting</p>
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deflation

removal of fine sediment by wind

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desert pavement

A layer of coarse pebbles and gravel created when wind removed the finer material.

<p>A layer of coarse pebbles and gravel created when wind removed the finer material.</p>
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sandblasting

Erosion of a solid surface by abrasion caused by the high-speed impact of sand grains carried by wind. Example of abrasion

<p>Erosion of a solid surface by abrasion caused by the high-speed impact of sand grains carried by wind. Example of abrasion</p>
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dunes

Mounds of wind-deposited sand, common in deserts and along the shores of lakes and oceans.

<p>Mounds of wind-deposited sand, common in deserts and along the shores of lakes and oceans.</p>
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loess

A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt. powder-like in texture. Forms good soil.

<p>A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt. powder-like in texture. Forms good soil.</p>
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glacier

a slowly moving mass of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.

<p>a slowly moving mass of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles.</p>
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glacial drift

the general term for all of the materials carried and deposited by a glacier

<p>the general term for all of the materials carried and deposited by a glacier</p>
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striations

Long grooves or scratches in rocks carved by rock fragments being dragged across them by a glacier (erosional)

<p>Long grooves or scratches in rocks carved by rock fragments being dragged across them by a glacier (erosional)</p>
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kettle lakes

large block of ice that falls off a glacier and melts, forming a hole then filling with water

<p>large block of ice that falls off a glacier and melts, forming a hole then filling with water</p>
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continental glaciers

A thick sheet of ice covering a mass of land all year round; found in Greenland and Antarctica!

<p>A thick sheet of ice covering a mass of land all year round; found in Greenland and Antarctica!</p>
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Alpine/Valley glaciers

Flow downhill through mountains along existing valleys. Move within valley walls

<p>Flow downhill through mountains along existing valleys. Move within valley walls</p>
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erratics

isolated boulders left behind by a glacier

<p>isolated boulders left behind by a glacier</p>
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u shaped valleys

the shape of a valleys carved by glaciers

<p>the shape of a valleys carved by glaciers</p>
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horn

a pointed mountain peak surrounded by several aretes(pyramid shaped)

<p>a pointed mountain peak surrounded by several aretes(pyramid shaped)</p>
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cirque

A bowl shaped basin (depression) carved by a glacier (erosional)

<p>A bowl shaped basin (depression) carved by a glacier (erosional)</p>
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arete

jagged ridges that form between two or more cirques that cut into the same mountain

<p>jagged ridges that form between two or more cirques that cut into the same mountain</p>
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mass movement

the downhill movement of rock and soil because of gravity. Can happen rapidly or slowly.

<p>the downhill movement of rock and soil because of gravity. Can happen rapidly or slowly.</p>
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creep

the SLOW downhill movement of weathered rock material

<p>the SLOW downhill movement of weathered rock material</p>
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rockfall

the rapid mass movement of loose rock down a steep slope or cliff due to gravity.

<p>the rapid mass movement of loose rock down a steep slope or cliff due to gravity.</p>
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landslide

a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff

<p>a slide of a large mass of dirt and rock down a mountain or cliff</p>
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mudflow

the rapid flow of rock and soil mixed with a large amount of water

<p>the rapid flow of rock and soil mixed with a large amount of water</p>
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5 agents of erosion

water, waves, wind, glaciers, and gravity

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moraine

ridge or hill created from materials left behind by a moving glacier made of soil and rock

<p>ridge or hill created from materials left behind by a moving glacier made of soil and rock</p>
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till

material eroded (moved) by a glacier and eventually deposited

<p>material eroded (moved) by a glacier and eventually deposited</p>
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4 types of moraines

lateral = formed on the side of the glacier

Medial= formed in the middle

terminal = formed at the end of the glacier

ground = builds up directly underneath the glacier by tiny streams

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eskers

long, winding ridges of sediment deposited by meltwater streams that flowed in tunnels within, or under glaciers

<p>long, winding ridges of sediment deposited by meltwater streams that flowed in tunnels within, or under glaciers</p>
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calving

process by which a block of a glacier breaks off and falls into the sea to form an iceberg

<p>process by which a block of a glacier breaks off and falls into the sea to form an iceberg</p>
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Eskers

a long ridge of sediment, typically having a winding course, deposited by meltwater from a retreating glacier or ice sheet.

<p>a long ridge of sediment, typically having a winding course, deposited by meltwater from a retreating glacier or ice sheet.</p>