chapter 2 anaphy quiz 1

cell

the structural and functional unit of all living things

cell replication/division

essential to the survival of almost all cells

nucleus

cytoplasm

plasma membrane

3 major regions of cell

nucleus

control center of the cell

necessary for cell division

protects the DNA

chromatin

When the cell is not dividing, that genetic material is in a threadlike form

chromosomes

the chromatin coils and condenses to form darkly staining rodlike bodies

nucleoli

nucleus also contains one or more small round bodies

nuclear envelope

The nucleus is bound by a double-layered porous membrane

phospholipid layer

proteins

carbohydrates

cholesterol

components of plasma membrane:

plasma membrane

separates cell contents (its "inside*) from the surrounding environment (its "outside).

microvilli

very small fingerlike projections that greatly increase the surface area of the cell

cytoplasm & organelles

the cell contents outside the nucleus and the major site of most activities carried out by the cell

cytosol

fluid part of the cytoplasm

organelles

small organs

inclusions

other substances and structures

ribosomes

Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein

endoplasmic reticulum

Membranous svstem of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm

golgi apparatus

plays a role in packaging proteins or other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes

lysosomes

act to worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell

perixisomes

Small lysosome-like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol. peroxide, and other harmful chemicals

mitochondria

Generallv rod-shaped bodies with a double-membrane wall: inner membrane is thrown into folds, or cristae;

"powerhouses of the cell''

centrioles

direct the formation of-the mitotic spindle during cell division; form the bases of cilia and flagella

cytoskeletal elements

Provide cellular support

cell cycle

a series of events that most cells complete during their life span

interphase

cell division

2 stages of cell cycle

interphase

the longer period when the cell grows and carries out its usual activities

cell division

when the cell reproduces itself by dividing.

mitosis

nuclear division

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasmz

prophase

As cell division begins, the chromatin threads coil and shorten to form densely staining, short, barlike chromosomes.

metaphase

In this brief stage, the chromo- somes line up along the central plane, or metaphase plate

anaphase

the centromers split

telophase

chromosomes uncoil and continues or resume the chromatin form