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Agricultural Revolution
The period of transition from hand production methods to machines and the use of steam power.
Industrialization
The process of developing industries in a country or region on a wide scale.
Why was England successful?
England had resources such as coal, iron, and a system of banking that supported its industrial growth.
Factors of production
The resources needed for the production of goods and services, including land, labor, and capital.
What are technological advances
Innovations that increase efficiency and productivity in manufacturing.
What characterizes a manufacturing district?
Regions that are characterized by a high concentration of manufacturing activity.
Improvements in Transportation
Advancements such as railways and steamships that facilitated the movement of goods and people.
Demographic change
Shifts in the population's distribution from rural areas to urban centers.
Urbanization
The process by which cities grow and populations shift from rural to urban areas.
Living conditions in cities for the poor
Often characterized by overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate housing.
Working conditions for the poor
Typically long hours, low pay, and unsafe environments in factories.
Class tensions
Conflicts between different socio-economic groups due to inequities.
Gender Roles & Family Life
Expectations and responsibilities assigned to individuals based on their gender, affecting family structure.
Effects of Industrialization
Changes in society including urban growth, economic developments, and social challenges.
Rise of Corporations
The emergence of large business entities that dominate an industry.
Industrialization in Continental Europe
The spread of industrial practices and manufacturing outside of England to other European nations.
The Impact of Industrialization
Significant changes to society, economy, and politics as a result of industrial growth.
Shifted balance of power
Changes in political and economic power dynamics as a result of industrial advancements.
Laissez-faire
An economic philosophy of free-market capitalism that opposes government intervention.
Capitalism
An economic system where trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit.
Utilitarianism
A philosophical theory stating that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, often defined as that which produces the greatest well-being.
Socialism
An economic system where the means of production are owned and regulated by the community as a whole.
Communism
A political and economic ideology advocating for a classless system in which the means of production are owned communally.
Labor Unions
Organizations of workers who come together to achieve common interests, such as better wages and working conditions.
Collective bargaining
The process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements.
Strikes
Work stoppages initiated by employees as a form of protest against employers.
Government view of unions
Often hesitant or antagonistic, viewing unions as a challenge to authority.
Reform Spreads to other areas
The influence of industrial and social reforms on broader aspects of society.
Note 
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