GA2 Exam 1

Neurocranium surrounds what?

the brain

Neurocranium has how many series of bones?

8 bones

What are the singular bones of the neurocranium?

frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, occipital

What are the pairs of the neurocranium?

temporal and parietal

Viscerocranium forms what part of cranium?

anterior

Viscerocranium consists of what bones?

nasal bones, lacrimal bones, vomer, inferior conchae, zygomatic, maxillae, palatine, mandible

Viscerocranium consists of how many bones?

14

What bone is the pterygoid process on?

sphenoid

Middle nasal concha is part of what bone?

ethmoid bone

What bone is cribiform plate on?

ethmoid

Zygomatic arch is formed by what?

temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bones

Highest point of the skull is called what?

vertex

asterion is what?

meeting point of 3 bones

Middle meningeal artery is ruptured if what is fractured?

pterion

Pterion is what?

meeting point of 4 bones/sutures

Pterion is the meeting point of which bones?

Sphenoid, parietal, frontal, temporal

Pneumatized bones contain what?

Air spaces

Which of the following is not a pneumatized bone?

Parietal

Which of the following is a pneumatized bone?

temporal

Main embyronic sources of skull are?

neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm

Flat vault bones mainly use what type of ossification?

intramembranous

Skull base bones mainly use what type of ossificiation?

endochondral

Mesenchyme directly becoming bone is what type of ossification?

intramembranous

Cartilage model is replaced by bone is what type of ossification?

endochondral

Viscerocranium is derived mainly from where?

pharyngeal arches 1 and 2

What is derived from pharyngeal arch 1?

maxilla, zygomatic bone, mandible, malleus, incus

What is derived from pharyngeal arch 2?

stapes, styloid process, part of hyoid bone

What are fontanelles?

fibrous gaps between developing calvarial bones

What is the function of fontanelles?

permit brain growth and overlapping of bones during birth

What is the most clinically important fontanelle?

anterior

Fontanelle helps evaluate what?

Hydration and intercranial pressure

Anterior fontanelle is what shape?

diamond shape

Anterior fontanelle closes around what age?

18 months

Calvaria is another name for what?

skull cap/ cranial vault

Sphenoidal and mastoid fontanelle close when?

earlier than anterior, less palpable

What may remain between frontal bone halves?

metopic suture

What is craniosynostosis?

Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures resulting in compensatory growth head changes

A sunken fontanelle is a sign of what?

dehydration

Sagittal suture premature fusion is known as what?

Scaphocephaly/dolichocephaly

Unilateral coronal or lambdoidal suture premature fusion is known as what?

plagiocephaly

Coronal sutures premature fusion is known as what?

Oxycephaly/turricephaly

What is the cruciform suture a combination of?

intermaxillary, palatomaxillary and interpalantine

What bones make up the jugular foramen?

temporal and occipital

Orbital plate belongs to what bone?

frontal bone

Cribiform plate belongs to what bone?

ethmoid bone

What do the arachnoid granulations do?

remove csf from brain

Condylar and coronoid process belongs to what bone?

mandible

The center of the chin is called what?

the mental protuberance

The angle of the mandible is called what?

gonion

What is another name for the mental spine?

Genial tubercles; located interior mandible

What is bregma?

Meeting point of sagital and coronal suture

What is lambda?

Meeting point of lambdoidal and sagittal suture

Asterion is meeting point of which bones?

Temporal, parietal, occipital

external acoustic meatus is located in which bone?

Temporal

Foramen magnum located in which bone?

occipital

Jugular foramen located in which bone?

Temporal

Mastoid and styloid process is located on which bone?

Temporal

Mental foramina is located on what bone?

mandible

infraorbital foramen is located ____ while supraorbital foramen is located ____

maxilla; frontal

What are wormian bones?

Sutural bones made in skull

What does the cartilaginous neurocranium ossify into?

Skull base

Skull growth occurs where?

the sutures and synchondroses

What is affected from errors in pharyngeal arch development?

facial form and hearing

What is molding?

temporary change in shape of fetal skull during birth

Why does molding occur?

Vault bones overlap at sutures

Why is face small at birth?

Jaws and sinuses are undeveloped

What else helps to shape an adult face?

permanent teeth and paranasal sinuses

What kind of bones compose the skull?

flat and irregular

What kind of joint is the temporomandibular?

condyloid

Orbitomental plane/frankfort horizontal plane is made up of what landmarks?

Inferior margin of orbit and superior margin of external acoustic meatus

What’s another name for the mandibular foramen?

Inferior alveoli

Inferior Nasal Concha is part of what bone?

Its own bone

What are the primary ossification centers of the skull?

frontal and parietal laminence

Foramen rotundum, ovale, spinosum are in which bone?

sphenoid