Chemistry Chapter 18

Whats an amino acid?

a compound that contains an anime (NH2) and a carboxylic acid

What is a side chain?

The elements bonded to the alpha carbon

What is a zwitterion

A

what does a proline side chain make?

makes a ring with the amine and carbon

what bond is hydrophobic?

nonpolar

What bond is hydrophilic?

polar

what side chains are considered polar neutral?

OH, SH, or an amide

Side chains with amines are classified as what?

basic

side chains with carboxylic acid are classified as what?

acidic

What is chirality?

Atom that has 4 atoms bonded to it

how to make a dipeptide bond?

at the ends of the molecules, take the C and N and make it a bond. make an h2o.

What is a primary structure?

the specific order of a long chain of amino acids.

peptide groups form the backbone

side chains extend away from the backbone

What is a secondary structure?

when the backbone of the peptide turns into shapes; alpha helix and beta sheet.

what is a tertiary structure?

the total 3D shape once completely folded

what bond does hydrophilic side chains form?

side chain hydrogen bonding

what bond does ionized acidic and basic side chains form?

ion-ion attractions

what bond does two cycteine side chains form?

disulfide bridge

what is a Quaternary structure?

a protein contain more than one polypeptide

what is a globular protein?

protein folded into a compact shape.

is soluble in water

what is an enzyme?

its a catalyst

How does temperature disrupt the proteins?

increased heat causes molecules to vibrate, making an insoluble mess.

How does PH and solvents disrupt the proteins?

changes the acidity or solvent type can disrupt stabilizing interactions.

How does agitation disrupt the proteins?

violent whipping can force proteins into insoluble forms

How does ionic substances disrupt the proteins?

lead and mercury ions are attracted to sulfur, disrupting the disulfide bridges

Essential amino acids

cells that cannot be produced

nonessential amino acids

the body can produce naturally