Nucleic Acids (Part 2)

Nucleic Acids

_________ are unbranched polymers composed of repeating monomers called nucleotides.

DNA & RNA

Two types of Nucleic Acids:

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

__________ stores the genetic information of an organism and transmits that information from one generation to another.

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

___________ translates the genetic information contained in DNA into proteins needed for all cellular function.

Monosaccharide, N-containing base, Phosphate group

The Nucleotide monomers that compose DNA and RNA consist ________________

Several Million

DNA molecules contain ______________ nucleotides.

A few Thousand

RNA molecules have only _____________ nucleotides.

Chromosomes

DNA is contained in the _________ of the nucleus, each having a different type of DNA.

46

Humans have ________ chromosomes, each made up of many genes.

Gene

A __________ is the portion of the DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein.

D-ribose

In RNA, the monosaccharide is the aldopentose ____________

D-2-deoxyribose

In DNA, the monosaccharide is the aldopentose ____________

Cytosine, Uracil, Thymine

__________ are all based on the structure of Pyrimidine.

Adenine and Guanine

__________ are based on the structure of Purine

A, G, C, T

DNA contains bases _____________

A, G, C, U

RNA contains bases ____________

Nucleoside

A _________ is formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with a N-atom of the base.

“-idine”

To name a nucleoside derived from a Pyrimidine base, use the suffix ________

“-osine”

To name a nucleoside derive from a Purine base, use the suffix _________

“deoxy-“

For deoxyribonucleosides, add the prefix ________

Nucleotides

_________ are formed by adding a phosphate group to the 5’-OH of a nucleoside.

CMP

The name Cytidine 5’-Monophosphate is abbreviated as ________

dAMP

The name Deoxyadenosine 5’- Monophosphate is abbreviated as __________

ADP

Adenosine 5’-Diphosphate

Diphosphate

ADP is an example of ______________

ATP

Adenosine 5’-Triphosphate

Triphosphate

ATP is an example of a _______________

Phosphodiester Linkages

Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) are polymers of nucleotides joined by ________________

Polynucleotide

A _________ contains a backbone consisting of Alternating sugar and Phosphate groups

Identity and Order of the bases

The _____________ distinguish one polynucleotide from another (Primary Structure)

One free Phosphate group at the 5’ end & One free OH group at the 3’ end.

A Polynucleotide has _____________

Sequence of the Bases

In DNA, the ___________ carries the genetic information of the organism.

Watson and Crick

The DNA model was initially proposed by ___________ in 1953.

Right-handed Double Helix

DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands that wind into a _______________

Opposite Directions

The two strands run in __________, one runs from the 5’ end to the 3’ end, and the other runs from the 3’ end to the 5’ end.

Inside

The Sugar-phosphate groups lie on the outside of the helix and the Bases lie on the _________ of the helix.

Purine Derivative

The bases always line up so that a Pyrimidine derivative can Hydrogen bond to a ____________ on the other strand.

2 Hydrogen Bonds

Adenine pairs with Thymine with ___________ to form an A—T base pair.

3 Hydrogen Bonds

Cytosine pairs with Guanine using ___________ to form a C—G base pair.

B-Form Double Helix

DNA

A-Form Helix

RNA

Alkaline Conditions

DNA is stable under ___________, while RNA is not stable.