Chapter 2 Embryology & Histology Key terms

Facial

Structure closest to facial surface

Labial

Structure closest to lips

Buccal

Structure closest to inner cheek

Lingual

Structure closest to tongue

Palatal

Structure closest to palate

Oral vestibules

Maxillary and mandibular spaces between lips anteriorly and cheeks laterally as well as teeth and gingiva medially and posteriorly

Oral mucosa

Mucous membrane lining oral cavity

Labial mucosa

Lining of inner parts of lips

Buccal mucosa

Mucosa that lines inner cheek

Vestibular fornix

Deepest recess of each vestibule

Mucobuccal fold

Fold within vestibule where labial or buccal mucosa meets alveolar mucosa

Alveolar mucosa

Mucosa lining vestibules of oral cavity

Labial frenum

Fold of tissue or frenulum located at midline between labial mucosa and alveolar mucosa of maxillae or mandible

Buccal fat pad

Dense pad of tissue in cheek covered by buccal mucosa

Mastication

Chewing process

Parotid papilla

Small elevation of tissue that marks opening of parotid located opposite maxillary second molar on inner cheek

Parotid duct

Duct associated with parotid

Fordyce spots

Small yellowish bumps of sebaceous glands on oral mucosa

Linea alba

White ridge of keratinized epithelium on buccal mucosa at level where teeth occlude

Body of the maxilla

Horizontal part of upper jaw superior to teeth

Maxillary sinus

Paranasal sinus within maxilla

Body of the mandible

Horizontal part of lower jaw inferior to teeth

Alveolar process

Part of mandible and maxilla containing roots of mandibular and maxillary teeth

Alveolus

Tooth socket in alveolar process surrounding tooth root

Periodontal ligament (PDL)

Surrounding teeth to support and attach to alveoli bony surface

Crown

Part of tooth composed of dentin and pulp covered by enamel

Roots

Composed of dentin covered by cementum and within the alveolus bone

Cementoenamel junction (CEJ)

Where crown enamel and root cementum are closest; also know as tooth cervix or neck

Enamel

Hard outer layer of tooth crown

Dentin

Hard inner layer or tooth crown overlying pulp

Pulp

Soft innermost connective tissue in both crown and root

Cementum

Outermost layer of root of tooth

Cervix

Neck of tooth

Root apex

Root part farthest from crown

Coronal

Structures related to tooth crown

Cervical

Structures related to cervix

Apical

Structures related to root apex

Dental arch

Alveolar process process or tooth-bearing part of each jaw including either maxillary or mandibular arch

Maxillary arch

Upper dental arch with maxillary teeth

Mandibular arch

Lower dental arch with mandibular teeth or first pharyngeal/branchial arch(es) in embryo

Maxillary teeth

Teeth within maxillae

Mandibular teeth

Teeth within mandible

Primary teeth

First teeth present, also know as deciduous or primary dentition

Incisors

First and second anteriors from midline, centrals and laterals

Canines

Anteriors third from midline in each quadrant

Molars

Most posterior of teeth includes firsts, seconds, and thirds

Permanent teeth

Only permanent teeth present, also called permanent dentition

Premolars

Fourth and fifth posteriors from midline in permanent dentition including firsts and seconds, also knows as bicuspids

Anterior teeth

Incisors and canines at front of oral cavity

Posterior teeth

Molars (and premolars if present) in back of mouth

Maxillary tuberosity

Elevation on posterior aspect of each maxilla

Retromolar pad

Dense pad of tissue distal to most distal tooth of mandible and covering retromolar triangle

Exostoses

Small localized bone growths on facial surface of alveolar process of maxilla

Mandibular torus

Bone growth(s) on lingual aspect(s) of mandibular arch

Gingiva

Mucosa(e) surrounding maxillary and mandibular teeth

Gingivae

Gingival tissue composed of mucosa surrounding maxillary and mandibular teeth while covering alveolar processes

Attached gingiva

Gingiva tightly adhering to bone over roots of teeth

Mucogingival junction

Border between alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva

Marginal gingiva

Nonattached gingiva at gingival margin of each tooth

Free gingival groove

Groove separating attached gingiva from marginal gingiva

Free gingival crest

Most coronal part of marginal gingiva

Interdental gingiva

Attached gingiva between teeth

Interdental papilla

Extension of interdental gingiva between adjacent teeth

Gingival sulcus

Space facing sulcular gingiva

Fauces

Junction between oral region and oropharynx

Anterior faucial pillar

Vertical fold anterior to each palatine tonsil by palatoglossal muscle

Posterior faucial pillar

Vertical fold posterior to each palatine tonsil by palatopharyngeous muscle

Palatine tonsils

Tonsils between anterior and posterior faucial pillars

Palate

Roof of mouth

Hard palate

Anterior part of palate formed by palatine processes of maxillae and posterior part by horizontal plates of palatine bones

Incisive papilla

Bulge of tissue on anterior hard palate over incisive foramen

Median palatine raphe

Midline tendinous band on palate superficial to median palatine suture

Palatine rugae

Irregular ridges of tissue surrounding incisive papilla on hard palate

Soft palate

Posterior nonbony part of palate

Pterygomandibular fold

Fold of tissue in oral cavity superficial to pterygomandibular raphe

Palatal torus

Bone growth on midline of hard palate

Tongue

Prominent feature of oral region

Base of the tongue

Posterior third or root of tongue

Body of the tongue

Anterior two thirds of tongue

Apex of the tongue

Tip of tongue

Dorsal surface of the tongue

Top surface of tongue

Median lingual sulcus

Midline depression on dorsal surface of tongue corresponding to deeper median septum

Lingual papillae

Small elevated structures covering dorsal surface of body of the tongue

Filiform lingual papillae

Slender threadlike forms

Fungiform lingual papillae

Smaller papillae with mushroom-shaped appearance

Sulcus terminalis

V-shaped groove on dorsal surface of tongue

Circumvallate lingual papillae

Larger mushroom shaped lingual papillae anterior to sulcus terminalis

Foramen cecum

Depression on dorsal surface of tongue with sulcus terminalis pointing backward toward pharynx

lateral surface of the tongue

Side of tongue

Foliate lingual papillae

Ridges of papillae on lateral tongue surface

Ventral surface of the tongue

Underside of tongue

Plica fimbriata or plicae fimbriatae

Fold(s) with fringe-like projections on ventral surface of tongue

Floor of the mouth

Mucosal covered space that extends from the lingual surface of the mandibular alveolar process inferiorly to the ventral surface of the tongue

Lingual frenum

Midline fold of tissue between ventral surface of tongue and floor of mouth

Sublingual fold

Fold of tissue on each side of floor of mouth with smaller ducts of sublingual gland open into oral cavity

Sublingual caruncle

Papilla near midline of of floor of mouth where sublingual and submandibular ducts open into oral cavity

Submandibular duct

Duct associated with submandibular gland

Sublingual duct

Short duct associated with sublingual gland

Ducts of Rivinus

Smaller ducts of sublingual gland

Pharynx

Part of both respiratory and and digestive tracts divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx