TEAS 7 science

The gallbladder is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?

right upper quadrant

The appendix is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?

right lower quadrant

The spleen is located in which abdominopelvic quadrant?

left upper quadrant

Medial:

toward the midline

Lateral:

away from the midline

The thumb is __________ to the little finger.

lateral

Proximal:

Closer to the center of the body

Distal:

Farther from the center of the body

Anterior:

structures in front

Posterior:

toward the back

Cephalad:

toward the head

Cephalic:

toward the head

Cranial:

Skull

Caudad:

toward the tail or posterior.

Caudal:

hindquarters

Carpal:

wrist

Cervical:

vertebrae of the neck

Inguinal:

Superior region of the thigh

Superior:

above, or closer to the head

Inferior:

below, closer to the feet

right hypochondriac region contains:

right kidney, liver, gallbladder, and small intestine

Epi:

On, above

Epigastric region contains:

stomach, liver, adrenal glands, pancreas, spleen, small intestine

left hypochondriac region contains:

left kidney, spleen, pancreas, and colon

Right lumbar region contains:

ascending colon of large intestine, liver, gallbladder

Umbilical region contains:

small intestine, duodenum, umbilicus

Left lumbar region contains:

descending colon, left kidney

Right iliac region contains:

cecum, appendix

Hypo:

Below, beneath, less than normal

Hypogastric region contains:

bladder, female internal reproductive organs, sigmoid colon

Left iliac region contains:

descending and sigmoid colon

Homeostasis

the ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

negative feedback

stimulus and response are opposite

Positive feedback

Stimulus and response are the same

example of negative feedback

Air conditioner or furnace. Once the temperature goes above the set value the ac kicks on.

Stimulus; room gets warmer

response: turn on AC to cool down room

Stimulus and response are opposite.

positive feedback loop example:

childbirth and blood clotting

integumentary system consists of :

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous (oil) glands

integumentary system functions

protection, secretion of waste products, production of vitamin D, communication with nervous system, and regulation of body temp

skeletal system consists of :

bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

The skeletal system function:

Protection, support, storage of chemical salts and production of rbc's.

The muscular system produces ______________, helps to maintain ____________ and produces __________.

Movement, posture, heat

The nervous system consists of:

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

The nervous system functions:

received sensory info, detects changes and in response stimulates muscles and glands.

The endocrine system is a :

series of glands that secrete hormones.

The endocrine system contains many :

feedback systems to help maintain homeostasis.

The lymphatic system includes:

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen

function of lymphatic system:

returns fluid to blood, transport some absorbed food molecules and defends against pathogens/infections.

The immune system consists of

cells and antibodies that help the body to fight off pathogens.

Some organs associated with the immune system are

thymus and spleen

The blood is a fluid system the contains:

cells and plasma

The digestive system includes:

mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine

The function of the digestive system is :

receive, break down and absorb food as well as eliminating waste.

The urinary system includes the:

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Function of the urinary system:

remove waste; maintain water and electrolyte balance, and store and transport urine.

The cardiovascular system includes:

heart, arteries, veins, capillaries

Function of cardiovascular system:

transport blood throughout the body

The respiratory system consists of :

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

respiratory system function:

supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide.

Upright anatomical position

Arms at sides, palms facing anteriorly

Which of the following is the correct order of structures from simple to most complex? 1) Neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues, brain 2) Mitochondria, nerve tissues, neurons, brain 3) Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain 4) Brain, neurons, mitochondria, nerve tissues

3) Mitochondria, neurons, nerve tissues, brain

Example of cell organelle

Mitochondria

prone position

lying on abdomen, facing downward

The vertebral column is located:

posterior portion of the trun

Which of the following is the name of the imaginary vertical that divides the body into left and right? 1) Coronal 2) Horizontal 3) Sagittal 4) Transverse

3) Sagittal

The __________ plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior)

coronal

A(n) __________ plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

transverse or horizontal

The head is ________ to the neck

Superior

supine position

lying on back, facing upward

4 chambers of the heart are

right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

right atrium

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and empties it into the right ventricle

Left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and then empties the blood into the left ventricle.

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the

pulmonary valve

The left ventricle:

pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta

Valves of the heart

tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, aortic

The pulmonary arteries carry:

deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs

Where is the pulmonary valve located and where does it open into?

Right ventricle, pulmonary artery

The inferior vena cava is responsible for

Transport of almost all deoxygenated blood from the abdomen and lower extremities back to the right side of the heart for oxygenation.

superior vena cava is responsible for

Carrying blood from the head, neck, arms, and chest.

largest artery in the body

aorta

The aorta begins at the

left ventricle of the heart

The hearts muscular pumping chamber is known as the:

Left ventricle

pulmonary circulation

Closed circuit movement of blood from the heart back to the lungs and back to the heart.

Heart pumps around (how much blood per minute)

Systemic system

oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the rest of the body and back

Pulmonary circuit _______ to ________ Systemic circuit ________ to _________

Heart to lungs, heart to body

The chambers that receive blood in the heart are called

Atria

The larger chambers that pump blood outside of the heart are called:

Ventricles

The atria are separated by : ____________ the ventricles are separated by: _____________

interatrial septum and interventricular septum

The left side of the heart is drained by: ___________ the right side of the heart is drained by : ____________

Great cardiac vein, small cardiac vein

Arteries are blood vessels that :

carry blood away from the heart to tissues and organs in the body

Veins are blood vessels that:

Carries blood to the heart.

Capillaries (tiny blood vessels) are where

Oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste

smallest vascular structure containing only 1 layer of simple squamous epithelium

capillaries

Myo

pertaining to muscle

Epi

above, upon

Endo

within, inner

Epicardium is the

outermost layer of the heart which protects the heart and secretes lubricating serous fluid

The myocardium of the heart

Middle muscular layer which contracts to pump blood