Cell Adaptation

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Last updated 10:00 PM on 9/14/26
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13 Terms

1
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What is the definition of Pathophysiology?

Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in cells, tissues and organs altered by disease or injury

2
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What is the definition of Pathology?

Pathology is the study of physical changes in cells and tissues associated with disease

3
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What is the definition of Congenital?n

Congenital means a condition that is present at or before birth

4
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Why do cells adapt?

Cells adapt to maintain their function when introduced to stress

5
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What is Atrophy as well as normal and pathological examples of this?

Atrophy is a decrease in cell size

  • Normal example: thymus gland

  • Patholo1gical examples: muscles, brain


<p>Atrophy is a <strong>decrease</strong> in cell <strong>size</strong></p><ul><li><p>Normal example: <strong>thymus gland</strong></p></li><li><p>Patholo1gical examples: <strong>muscles, brain</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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What is Hypertrophy and examples of this?

Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size

  • Occurs in skeletal muscle and heart muscle, which cannot undergo mitosis


7
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What is Hyperplasia and examples of this?

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells

  • The liver, which can regenerate 50% within a month, breast growth, and wound healing


8
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What is Metaplasia and an example of this?

Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of a cell type

  • In smokers, replacement of simple ciliated columnar cells along the respiratory tract with stratified squamous epithelial cells


<p>Metaplasia is the <strong>reversible</strong> <strong>replacement</strong> of a <strong>cell</strong> <strong>type</strong></p><ul><li><p>In <strong>smokers, </strong>replacement of <strong>simple ciliated columnar cells</strong> along the <strong>respiratory tract</strong> with <strong>stratified squamous epithelial cells</strong></p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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What is Dysplasia and examples of this?

Dysplasia is abormal changes in size, shape and organization of mature cells

  • Associated with cancerous cells in the cervix or respiratory tract


10
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Is Dysplasia reversible or not?

Dysplasia is reversible, but only if the causative stimulus is removed

11
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What is Endogenous Intracellular accumulation?

Endogenous intracellular accumulation is caused by something normally produced by the cell

  • Substance is produced faster than it is used

    • Example: In alcoholics an impaired liver is unable tor process all the fatty acids delivered to it, causing a storage of excess triglycerides (fatty liver)

    • Pigments: Lipofuscin, a yellow/brown “wear and tear” pigment from undigested material left over from normal cell turnover.


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What is Exogenous Intracellular Accumulation?

Exogenous intracellular accumulation is from an external source

  • Examples include: coal dust and tattoo pigment


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What is Calcification? Some examples of this?

Calcification is a buildup of calcium salts in tissues.

  • It can occur in damaged tissues or normal tissues (hyperparathyroidism)


<p>Calcification is a <strong>buildup </strong>of <strong>calcium salts</strong> in <strong>tissues</strong>.</p><ul><li><p>It can occur in <strong>damaged</strong> <strong>tissues</strong> or <strong>normal</strong> <strong>tissues</strong> (<strong>hyperparathyroidism</strong>)</p></li></ul><p></p>